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Related Concept Videos

Radical Reactivity: Overview01:11

Radical Reactivity: Overview

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Radicals, the highly reactive species, gain stability by undergoing three different reactions. The first reaction involves a radical-radical coupling, in which a radical combines with another radical, forming a spin‐paired molecule. The second reaction is between a radical and a spin‐paired molecule, generating a new radical and a new spin‐paired molecule. The third reaction is radical decomposition in a unimolecular reaction, forming a new radical and a spin‐paired...
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Radicals: Electronic Structure and Geometry01:07

Radicals: Electronic Structure and Geometry

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This lesson delves into the geometry of a radical, which is influenced by the electronic structure of the molecule. The principle is similar to that of a lone pair, where the unpaired electron influences the geometry at the radical center.
Accordingly, the structure of a trivalent radical lies between the geometries of carbocations and carbanions. An sp2-hybridized carbocation is trigonal planar, while an sp3-hybridized carbanion is trigonal pyramidal. Here, the difference in geometry is...
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Radical Formation: Overview01:03

Radical Formation: Overview

2.1K
A bond can be broken either by heterolytic bond cleavage to form ions or homolytic bond cleavage to yield radicals. A fishhook arrow is used to represent the motion of a single electron in homolytic bond cleavage. There are two main sources from which radicals can be formed:
Radicals from spin-paired molecules:
Radicals can be obtained from spin-paired molecules either by homolysis or electron transfer. While two radicals are formed in the former, an electron is added in the...
2.1K
Radical Reactivity: Nucleophilic Radicals01:16

Radical Reactivity: Nucleophilic Radicals

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Radicals adjacent to electron-donating groups are called nucleophilic radicals. These radicals readily react with electrophilic alkenes. The SOMO–LUMO interactions are the driving force for the reaction, where the high-energy SOMO of the electron-rich, nucleophilic radicals interacts with the low-energy LUMO of the electron-deficient, electrophilic alkenes. Such SOMO–LUMO interactions are the basis of reactive radical traps, affecting the selectivity in radical reactions. For...
2.1K
Radical Reactivity: Steric Effects01:10

Radical Reactivity: Steric Effects

1.9K
The presence of electron-donating, electron-withdrawing, or conjugating groups adjacent to a radical center, imparts electronic stabilization to the radicals. Examples of such electronically-stabilized radicals are triphenylmethyl, tetramethylpiperidine‐N‐oxide, and 2,2‐diphenyl‐1‐picrylhydrazyl. These radicals are remarkably stable and are known as persistent radicals. Some of the persistent radicals can even be isolated and purified.
Along with electronic...
1.9K
Radical Formation: Addition00:47

Radical Formation: Addition

1.7K
Radicals can be formed by adding a radical to a spin-paired molecule. This is typically observed with unsaturated species, where the addition of a radical across the π bond leads to the production of a new radical by dissolving the π bond. For example, the addition of a Br radical to an alkene yields a carbon-centered radical.
Similar to charge conservation in chemical reactions, spin conservation is implicit for radical reactions. Accordingly, the product formed must possess an...
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Updated: Jul 21, 2025

Isolating Free Carbenes, their Mixed Dimers and Organic Radicals
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Isolating Free Carbenes, their Mixed Dimers and Organic Radicals

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Supramolecular Radical Electronics.

Tengyang Gao1, Abdalghani Daaoub2, Zhichao Pan1

  • 1State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering & Pen-Tung Sah Institute of Micro-Nano Science and Technology & Institute of Artificial Intelligence & IKKEM, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China.

Journal of the American Chemical Society
|July 26, 2023
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

This study introduces supramolecular radical junctions, showing they exhibit significantly higher electrical conductance than non-radical counterparts. This breakthrough in supramolecular radical chemistry enables efficient charge transport for novel electronic materials.

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Area of Science:

  • Supramolecular Chemistry
  • Radical Chemistry
  • Molecular Electronics

Background:

  • Supramolecular radical chemistry integrates radicals into supramolecular architectures for novel functions.
  • Characterizing charge transport in supramolecular radicals at the single-molecule level has been challenging.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To fabricate and investigate the charge transport properties of supramolecular radical junctions.
  • To explore the potential of supramolecular radicals in molecular electronics.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized the electrochemical scanning tunneling microscope-based break junction (EC-STM-BJ) technique.
  • Combined experimental measurements with theoretical investigations.

Main Results:

  • Supramolecular radical junctions demonstrated over a 10-fold increase in conductance compared to non-radical junctions.
  • Conductance exceeded that of similar-length, fully conjugated molecules.
  • Radicals enhanced binding energy and reduced the energy gap, facilitating near-resonant transport.

Conclusions:

  • Supramolecular radicals provide strong binding and efficient electrical coupling in molecular junctions.
  • This work offers new insights into supramolecular radical chemistry and materials design.
  • Demonstrated a viable method for fabricating and characterizing single-molecule supramolecular radical junctions.