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A Randomized Controlled Trial of Blood Pressure Reduction Based on Disease Control Priorities 3 in Pakistan to Manage

Subhana Akber Khan1, Assad Hafeez2, Arif Zaka3

  • 1Department of Public Health, Health Services Academy, Islamabad, Pakistan. subhanaakber@gmail.com.

High Blood Pressure & Cardiovascular Prevention : the Official Journal of the Italian Society of Hypertension
|July 26, 2023
PubMed

Insights

This study shows that a multi-component, non-pharmacological intervention significantly reduced high blood pressure in hypertensive patients. Adherence to a low-salt diet, weight loss, and increased physical activity were key to achieving these positive health outcomes.

Area of Science:

  • Cardiology
  • Public Health

Background:

  • Hypertension is classified into essential, stage 1, and stage 2 based on American Heart Association standards.
  • Global target to reduce high blood pressure prevalence by 25% by 2025.
  • Worldwide prevalence of high blood pressure is 24% in men and 20% in women aged 18+.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To reduce high blood pressure in hypertensive patients to the recommended 140/90 mm Hg.
  • Implement a non-pharmacological, multi-component intervention based on Disease Control Priorities (3rd edition).

Main Methods:

  • A randomized controlled trial tested a multi-component intervention.
  • Pilot testing for acceptance, appropriateness, and relevance through formative research and desk review.
  • 240 participants enrolled; data analyzed using SPSS version 21.

Main Results:

  • A significant reduction in systolic blood pressure (-23.9 mm Hg) was observed in hypertensive patients over 3 months (p ≤ 0.005).
  • Improved health outcomes in the intervention group included diet control, reduced salt intake, and increased physical exercise compared to the usual care group.
  • Mean blood pressure in the intervention group was 145/90 mm Hg for males and 140/100 mm Hg for females.

Conclusions:

  • High blood pressure was significantly reduced through adherence to a low-salt diet, weight loss, and increased physical activity.
  • Non-pharmacological interventions are effective in managing hypertension.
Abstract

Keywords:
Cardiovascular diseasesDietary approachesDisease control prioritiesHypertensionPakistan

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