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Updated: Oct 6, 2026

Instrumentation of Near-term Fetal Sheep for Multivariate Chronic Non-anesthetized Recordings
Published on: October 25, 2015
[Holter ECG monitoring during peridural anesthesia with bupivacaine 0.75%]
Electrocardiographic monitoring was undertaken in thirteen women and seven men before, during, and after epidural anaesthesia with bupivacaine 0.75%. The average surveying time lasted 18:28 h. Bupivacaine 0.75% was given in a dose of 1.5 mg/kg body weight (n = 8) and 2 mg/kg body weight (n = 12). Eleven patients (8 female/3 male) = 55% showed VES of category I of the LOWN-classification. Three subjects (3 female) suffered VES before and after injection of bupivacaine 0.75%. Five patients (3 female/2 male) showed VES before and three (2 female/1 male) only after epidural blockade. Serious arrhythmias or other signs of toxic actions on the myocardium were not registered.
Electrocardiographic monitoring was undertaken in thirteen women and seven men before, during, and after epidural anaesthesia with bupivacaine 0.75%. The average surveying time lasted 18:28 h. Bupivacaine 0.75% was given in a dose of 1.5 mg/kg body weight (n = 8) and 2 mg/kg body weight (n = 12). Eleven patients (8 female/3 male) = 55% showed VES of category I of the LOWN-classification. Three subjects (3 female) suffered VES before and after injection of bupivacaine 0.75%. Five patients (3 female/2 male) showed VES before and three (2 female/1 male) only after epidural blockade. Serious arrhythmias or other signs of toxic actions on the myocardium were not registered.
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