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Related Concept Videos

Gene Regulation in Microbial Communities: Quorum Sensing01:28

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Quorum sensing is a mechanism of bacterial communication that enables coordinated gene expression in response to changes in population density. This facilitates collective behaviors that enhance survival, resource acquisition, and ecological adaptation. This process relies on small signaling molecules called autoinducers that accumulate as bacterial populations grow. When a critical threshold concentration of autoinducers is reached, bacterial cells collectively modify gene expression,...
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Transcriptional attenuation occurs when RNA transcription is prematurely terminated due to the formation of a terminator mRNA hairpin structure.  Bacteria use these hairpins to regulate the transcription process and control the synthesis of several amino acids including histidine, lysine, threonine, and phenylalanine. Transcription attenuation takes place in the non-coding regions of mRNA.
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Global regulatory systems in bacteria enable rapid and coordinated responses to environmental changes by integrating sensory inputs with gene expression, ensuring efficient adaptation to fluctuating conditions. Key global regulatory mechanisms include regulons, two-component systems, sigma factors, and secondary messengers.Regulons and Global RegulatorsA regulon is a collection of genes and operons controlled by a common global regulator. These regulators enable bacteria to prioritize resource...
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Transformation01:26

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Microbial communities are dynamic environments where cell lysis releases free DNA into the surroundings. Other cells can take up this extracellular DNA through a process known as transformation.When a cell incorporates this foreign DNA into its genome, resulting in genetic modification, the process is known as transformation. Cells capable of this process are termed competent. Competence can be natural, as observed in certain bacteria and archaea, or artificially induced in the...
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Riboswitches are RNA elements that regulate gene expression by altering their secondary structures in response to specific effector molecules. These elements, located in the leader regions of certain mRNAs, act as transcriptional regulators by toggling between alternative conformations to control downstream gene expression. Riboswitch-mediated regulation is a precise mechanism for modulating biosynthetic pathways, as exemplified by the riboflavin biosynthesis pathway in Bacillus...
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Author Spotlight: Advancing Antibiotic Resistance Research Using an Efflux-Deficient Bacterial Strain and a Single-Copy Gene Expression System
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Restriction-methylation systems regulate transformation in Acinetobacter baumannii.

Alfonso Soler-Bistué1

  • 1Instituto de Investigaciones Biotecnológicas 'Dr Rodolfo A. Ugalde', IIB-IIBIO, Universidad Nacional de San Martín-CONICET, San Martín, Buenos Aires, Argentina.

Trends in Microbiology
|July 26, 2023
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Antimicrobial resistance in Acinetobacter baumannii is a growing problem. DNA methylation significantly influences the spread of resistance genes via natural transformation, a key horizontal gene transfer process.

Keywords:
Acinetobacter baumanniiDNA methylationhorizontal gene transfernatural competence for transformationtransformation

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Area of Science:

  • Microbiology
  • Genetics
  • Molecular Biology

Background:

  • Acinetobacter baumannii is a critical pathogen associated with high rates of antimicrobial resistance.
  • Horizontal gene transfer (HGT) is a significant driver of resistance dissemination in bacteria.
  • Natural transformation is an understudied HGT mechanism in Acinetobacter baumannii.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the role of natural transformation in the spread of antimicrobial resistance genes in Acinetobacter baumannii.
  • To explore the impact of donor DNA methylation on the efficiency of horizontal gene transfer in this pathogen.

Main Methods:

  • Utilizing Acinetobacter baumannii transformation assays.
  • Analyzing the effect of varying DNA methylation states on the uptake of resistance determinants.
  • Employing molecular techniques to confirm gene transfer events.

Main Results:

  • The methylation state of donor DNA profoundly impacts the efficiency of natural transformation.
  • Specific DNA methylation patterns were correlated with enhanced or reduced horizontal gene transfer of resistance genes.
  • This finding highlights a novel regulatory mechanism governing HGT in Acinetobacter baumannii.

Conclusions:

  • Donor DNA methylation is a critical factor regulating horizontal gene transfer of resistance determinants in Acinetobacter baumannii.
  • Targeting DNA methylation could represent a future strategy to control the spread of antimicrobial resistance.
  • Further research into DNA methylation's role in bacterial HGT is warranted.