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Bacteria with multiple prophages can release different phage types. New regulatory modules control phage induction independently of DNA damage, influencing which phages are produced and impacting bacterial-phage interactions.

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Area of Science:

  • Microbiology
  • Molecular Biology
  • Genetics

Background:

  • Most bacteria host multiple prophages (integrated viral DNA).
  • Prophage induction (lysogeny to lysis) is typically triggered by DNA-damaging agents.
  • Competition between co-residing prophages under identical triggers is poorly understood.

Purpose of the Study:

  • Investigate novel regulatory mechanisms controlling prophage induction.
  • Determine how different induction triggers affect phage production in polylysogenic bacteria.
  • Explore the role of DNA-damage-independent pathways in phage-host interactions.

Main Methods:

  • Identification of novel regulatory modules controlling prophage induction.
  • Analysis of phage release in polylysogenic bacteria under different induction conditions.
  • Single-cell analyses to quantify phage production from individual cells.

Main Results:

  • Discovered DNA-damage-independent regulatory modules for prophage induction.
  • These modules involve a transcription factor activating a small protein that inactivates the lysis repressor.
  • Induction stimulus dictates phage productivity, with specific cues leading to the production of distinct phages.

Conclusions:

  • Bacterial prophages possess diverse sensory pathways for lysis induction.
  • These pathways allow for differential phage production independent of DNA damage.
  • Such mechanisms are crucial for phage-host biology and inter-prophage competition in natural environments.