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Related Concept Videos

Entropy and the Second Law of Thermodynamics01:20

Entropy and the Second Law of Thermodynamics

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The second law of thermodynamics can be stated quantitatively using the concept of entropy. Entropy is the measure of disorder of the system.
The relation  between entropy and disorder can be illustrated with the example of the phase change of ice to water. In ice, the molecules are located at specific sites giving a solid state, whereas, in a liquid form, these molecules are much freer to move. The molecular arrangement has therefore become more randomized. Although the change in average...
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The Second Law of Thermodynamics01:14

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In the quest to identify a property that may reliably predict the spontaneity of a process, a promising candidate has been identified: entropy. Scientists refer to the measure of randomness or disorder within a system as entropy. High entropy means high disorder and low energy. To better understand entropy, think of a student’s bedroom. If no energy or work were put into it, the room would quickly become messy. It would exist in a very disordered state, one of high entropy. Energy must be...
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A pure, perfectly crystalline solid possessing no kinetic energy (that is, at a temperature of absolute zero, 0 K) may be described by a single microstate, as its purity, perfect crystallinity,and complete lack of motion means there is but one possible location for each identical atom or molecule comprising the crystal (W = 1). According to the Boltzmann equation, the entropy of this system is zero.
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Entropy Change in Reversible Processes01:10

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In the Carnot engine, which achieves the maximum efficiency between two reservoirs of fixed temperatures, the total change in entropy is zero. The observation can be generalized by considering any reversible cyclic process consisting of many Carnot cycles. Thus, it can be stated that the total entropy change of any ideal reversible cycle is zero.
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Entropy within the Cell01:22

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A living cell's primary tasks of obtaining, transforming, and using energy to do work may seem simple. However, the second law of thermodynamics explains why these tasks are harder than they appear. None of the energy transfers in the universe are completely efficient. In every energy transfer, some amount of energy is lost in a form that is unusable. In most cases, this form is heat energy. Thermodynamically, heat energy is defined as the energy transferred from one system to another that...
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Second Law of Thermodynamics02:49

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In the quest to identify a property that may reliably predict the spontaneity of a process, a promising candidate has been identified: entropy. Processes that involve an increase in entropy of the system (ΔS > 0) are very often spontaneous; however, examples to the contrary are plentiful. By expanding consideration of entropy changes to include the surroundings, a significant conclusion regarding the relation between this property and spontaneity may be reached. In thermodynamic...
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Quantification of Information Encoded by Gene Expression Levels During Lifespan Modulation Under Broad-range Dietary Restriction in C. elegans
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Information Entropy and Its Applications.

Po-Hsiang Tsui1

  • 1Department of Medical Imaging and Radiological Sciences, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan City, Taiwan. tsuiph@mail.cgu.edu.tw.

Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology
|July 26, 2023
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Ultrasound entropy imaging offers a novel approach to diagnose nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). This method analyzes ultrasound signal uncertainty to assess liver steatosis and fibrosis risk, improving diagnostic capabilities.

Keywords:
BackscatteringFatty liverInformation entropyLiver fibrosisNonalcoholic fatty liver diseaseSignal uncertainty

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Area of Science:

  • Medical Imaging
  • Biophysics
  • Hepatology

Background:

  • Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a global health concern.
  • Ultrasound is a primary diagnostic tool for various diseases.
  • Liver tissue scattering characteristics are crucial for diagnosing steatosis and fibrosis.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To demonstrate ultrasound's diagnostic capabilities for NAFLD.
  • To introduce information entropy for analyzing ultrasound backscattered statistics.
  • To present ultrasound entropy imaging for grading hepatic steatosis and assessing fibrosis risk.

Main Methods:

  • Examined NAFLD background and liver scattering sources.
  • Presented fundamentals of information entropy and algorithmic scheme for ultrasound entropy imaging.
  • Applied ultrasound entropy imaging to grade hepatic steatosis and evaluate fibrosis risk.

Main Results:

  • Ultrasound entropy imaging provides insights into signal uncertainty.
  • This method analyzes backscattered statistics without distribution assumptions.
  • Demonstrated clinical potential for grading hepatic steatosis and fibrosis risk.

Conclusions:

  • Ultrasound entropy imaging is a promising technique for NAFLD diagnosis.
  • It offers a new way to quantify liver disease severity.
  • Future clinical applications include improved patient risk stratification.