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[Forensic medical assessment of lidocaine and bupivacaine systemic toxicity]

Yu I Pigolkin1, S V Shigeev2, A V Denisova2

  • 1I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Moscow, Russia.

Sudebno-Meditsinskaia Ekspertiza
|July 27, 2023
PubMed
Abstract

Keywords:
bupivacainelidocainelocal anesthetic systemic toxicity (LAST)local anesthetics

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While local anesthetics are generally safe and well-tolerated, they can occasionally cause adverse effects that vary in severity. Local anesthetics can induce toxicity at two distinct levels. They can either produce local effects through direct contact with the neural elements or be absorbed into the bloodstream from the injection site, leading to systemic effects.
Once absorbed into the systemic circulation, local anesthetics can affect the organs that depend on the functioning of sodium...
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Cocaine is an ester of benzoic acid and methylecgogine. It is used to anesthetize and vasoconstrict locally. Currently, it is used primarily for topical applications. It is beneficial for surgeries on the upper respiratory tract, providing anesthesia and shrinking the mucosa. Cocaine in the form of cocaine hydrochloride is...
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