Related Experiment Video
Updated: Jul 21, 2025
09:20
Lumped-Parameter and Finite Element Modeling of Heart Failure with Preserved Ejection Fraction
Published on: February 13, 2021
6.5K
Heart Failure with Preserved Left Ventricular Ejection Fraction: A Complex Conundrum Simply Not Limited to Diastolic
Angel Lopez-Candales1, Talal Asif1, Khalid Sawalha1
1University of Missouri-Kansas City, School of Medicine, Kansas City, Missouri, USA.
Cardiovascular Therapeutics
|July 27, 2023
Summary
Heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) is complex, involving multiple organ systems. This review synthesizes current understanding of HFpEF mechanisms, diagnostics, and treatments for patients with preserved ejection fraction.
Area of Science:
- Cardiology
- Internal Medicine
Background:
- Heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) is increasingly recognized as a complex syndrome beyond simple diastolic dysfunction.
- It involves heterogeneous mechanisms and is linked to multiorgan dysfunction, with hypertension and obesity as key contributors.
Purpose of the Study:
- To review recent advancements in understanding HFpEF pathophysiology.
- To synthesize current diagnostic tools and therapeutic strategies for HFpEF management.
Main Methods:
- Literature review focusing on recent studies and clinical guidelines.
- Synthesis of information on HFpEF mechanisms, diagnosis, and treatment.
Main Results:
- HFpEF is a multifaceted condition with diverse underlying causes and effects.
- Current understanding highlights the need for comprehensive evaluation beyond left ventricular diastolic function.
Conclusions:
- HFpEF requires a paradigm shift from viewing it as solely diastolic dysfunction to a complex, multiorgan entity.
- Further research is needed to fully comprehend and effectively treat this condition.
Related Concept Videos
01:29Heart Failure II: Pathophysiology
16
Systolic Heart Failure and Compensatory MechanismsSystolic heart failure (also termed HFrEF, Heart Failure with Reduced Ejection Fraction) is the most prevalent type of heart filure. It results in a decreased volume of blood being pumped from the ventricle. The aortic arch and carotid sinuses have baroreceptors that detect reduced blood pressure, triggering the sympathetic nervous system (SNS) to release epinephrine and norepinephrine. Initially, this response aims to boost heart rate and...
16
01:17Pathophysiology of Heart Failure
1.6K
Heart failure (HF) is a progressive syndrome involving ventricles that leads to inadequate cardiac output. It can be classified based on location and output or ejection fraction. Ejection fraction (EF) is an essential measurement in the diagnosis and surveillance of HF. Reduced EF corresponds to systolic heart failure (HFrEF). However, HF with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) is becoming increasingly prevalent. Also known as diastolic HF, this form of HF is related to aging. The...
1.6K
01:27Heart Failure I: Introduction
18
Heart failure refers to a clinical syndrome caused by structural or functional cardiac disorders that prevent the heart from pumping an adequate amount of blood to meet the body's metabolic needs. This condition often arises from myocardial infarction or ischemia, leading to decreased cardiac output, reduced tissue perfusion, impaired gas exchange, fluid volume imbalance, and decreased functional ability.Heart failure can result from disruptions in the mechanisms that regulate cardiac output...
18
01:30Heart Failure IV: Classification and Diagnostic Evaluation
20
Heart failure can be classified in various ways, with the most common classifications based on physical activity limitations, disease progression, severity, and treatment strategies.The Functional Classification of Heart Failure divides patients into four categories based on physical activity limitation due to symptom burden.Class I: Patients in this class have cardiac disease but no physical activity limitations. Ordinary activities like walking, climbing stairs, or routine tasks do not cause...
20
01:26Heart Failure III: Clinical Manifestations
24
Heart failure (HF) manifests primarily as dyspnea, fatigue, and fluid retention, resulting in peripheral and pulmonary edema. Symptoms may vary depending on which ventricle is more affected, left or right.Left-Sided Heart FailureAlso known as left ventricular failure, this condition results from the left ventricle's inability to fill or eject sufficient blood into the systemic circulation. It leads to pulmonary congestion, which occurs when the left ventricle fails to eject blood effectively...
24
01:26Imbalances in Cardiac Output
1.4K
The heart's primary function is to pump blood throughout the body, maintaining a balance between blood sent out (cardiac output) and blood returning (venous return). If this balance is disrupted, it can result in congestive heart failure (CHF), a severe condition where the heart becomes an inefficient pump, leading to inadequate blood circulation.
CHF can occur due to the failure of either side of the heart. Left-side failure leads to pulmonary congestion—the right side continues to send...
CHF can occur due to the failure of either side of the heart. Left-side failure leads to pulmonary congestion—the right side continues to send...
1.4K