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Wearable Sensor Technologies to Assess Motor Functions in People With Multiple Sclerosis: Systematic Scoping Review

Tim Woelfle1,2, Lucie Bourguignon3, Johannes Lorscheider1,2

  • 1Research Center for Clinical Neuroimmunology and Neuroscience Basel, University Hospital and University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland.

Journal of Medical Internet Research
|July 27, 2023
PubMed
Summary

Wearable sensors show promise for monitoring multiple sclerosis (MS) motor function, but standardization is needed for widespread clinical use. This review highlights current applications and identifies areas for improvement in wearable technology adoption for MS management.

Keywords:
accelerometryactigraphydigital biomarkersdigital health technologiesdigital mobility outcomesinertial motion unitmultiple sclerosisreviewsensorswearables

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Area of Science:

  • Biomedical Engineering
  • Rehabilitation Technology
  • Neurology

Background:

  • Wearable sensor technologies offer potential for enhanced monitoring and management of multiple sclerosis (MS).
  • Current evidence is often limited to specific patient subgroups, settings, and functional domains.
  • Technological advancements are rapidly evolving in this field.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To comprehensively review studies utilizing wearable sensors for assessing motor function in individuals with MS.
  • To provide an overview of technological advancements in wearable sensors for MS over recent decades.
  • To identify current applications and limitations of wearable sensor technology in MS management.

Main Methods:

  • Systematic review of publications from PubMed, Scopus, Embase, and Web of Science databases until December 31, 2022.
  • Inclusion of studies assessing motor functions in MS using wearable sensors, analyzed for reporting quality and categorized by outcome types.
  • Adherence to PRISMA reporting guidelines for systematic reviews.

Main Results:

  • 308 publications were included, with most focusing on physical activity (63.6%) and gait (26.3%).
  • Wearable sensors were predominantly placed on the waist, wrist, and lower back, with triaxial accelerometers being the most common sensor type (74.4%).
  • A notable increase in sensors integrated into smartphones and smartwatches was observed, indicating technological progression.

Conclusions:

  • Continuous monitoring via wearable sensors can optimize MS management, but clinical adoption faces hurdles.
  • Heterogeneity in reported outcomes and lack of standardized reporting methods present challenges.
  • Addressing limitations in harmonization, transparency, and data availability is crucial for integrating wearable sensors into clinical practice and trials for MS.