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This tutorial guides researchers in developing and testing multinomial processing tree (MPT) models for psychological theories. It covers data structures, model fitting, and hierarchical modeling for individual differences.

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Area of Science:

  • Cognitive Psychology
  • Psychological Modeling

Background:

  • Psychological theories often propose unobservable latent processes influencing observable responses.
  • Multinomial processing tree (MPT) models offer a framework to quantify these latent cognitive processes in discrete response data.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To provide a comprehensive tutorial on developing, fitting, and testing MPT models tailored to specific experimental designs.
  • To demonstrate the application of MPT models using a classical pair-clustering model as an example.
  • To introduce hierarchical MPT modeling for analyzing individual differences and latent process correlations.

Main Methods:

  • Utilizing the `multiTree` software for foundational MPT model development, including data structures, model equations, identifiability, validation, estimation, hypothesis testing, and power analysis.
  • Employing the `TreeBUGS` package in R for hierarchical MPT modeling, enabling the analysis of individual variability and interrelations between latent processes and covariates.
  • Providing accessible data and annotated analysis scripts via the Open Science Framework for reproducibility.

Main Results:

  • The tutorial successfully illustrates the step-by-step process of building and evaluating MPT models.
  • Demonstrates the practical application of both standard and hierarchical MPT approaches for psychological research.
  • Offers a reproducible workflow for researchers to implement MPT modeling in their own studies.

Conclusions:

  • MPT models are versatile tools for dissecting latent cognitive processes in psychological research.
  • The tutorial equips researchers with the necessary skills and resources to apply MPT modeling effectively.
  • Hierarchical MPT modeling enhances the analysis of individual differences and complex relationships among psychological constructs.