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Pediatric glaucoma in aniridia in a population of Egyptian children
Nader Bayoumi1, Eman Nabil Elsayed1, Ahmad K Khalil2
1Faculty of Medicine, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt.
Insights
Egyptian children with aniridia often develop glaucoma, with nearly one-third diagnosed at presentation. Glaucoma surgery demonstrated an 82.4% success rate in this pediatric cohort.
Area of Science:
- Ophthalmology
- Pediatric Ophthalmology
- Glaucoma Research
Background:
- Aniridia is a rare congenital eye condition.
- Glaucoma is a leading cause of irreversible blindness.
- Early detection and management of glaucoma in children with aniridia are crucial.
Purpose of the Study:
- To determine the incidence and characteristics of glaucoma in Egyptian children with aniridia.
- To evaluate the treatment outcomes of glaucoma surgery in this population.
Main Methods:
- Retrospective chart review of pediatric patients (<18 years) with aniridia from 2007-2022.
- Glaucoma diagnosis based on intraocular pressure (IOP) and cup:disk ratio.
- Surgical success defined by IOP control and optic nerve stability.
Main Results:
- 93 eyes of 47 children were analyzed; mean age at presentation was 41.2 months.
- 30% of eyes presented with glaucoma (IOP >16 mm Hg, cup:disk ratio >0.3).
- Glaucoma surgery was performed in 17 eyes with an 82.4% success rate at final follow-up.
Conclusions:
- Children with aniridia present with glaucoma early, often by age 3.
- Glaucoma is a significant complication in pediatric aniridia cases.
- Surgical intervention for glaucoma in aniridia is effective in this cohort.
Purpose:
To report on the incidence, characteristics, and treatment of glaucoma in association with aniridia in a population of Egyptian children.
Methods:
A retrospective chart review was conducted of children (<18 years of age) presenting with aniridia between 2007 and 2022. Diagnosis of glaucoma was based on cup:disk ratio (>0.3) and IOP (>16 mm Hg). Success of glaucoma surgery was defined as IOP ≤16 mm Hg and stable or regressing cup:disk ratio.
Results:
A total of 93 eyes of 47 children were included. The mean patient age at presentation was 41.2 ± 44.7 months. The mean intraocular pressure (IOP), corneal diameter, cup:disk ratio, and axial length on presentation were 16.4 ± 10.3 mm Hg, 11.4 ± 1.3 mm, 0.4 ± 0.3, and 22.43 ± 2.6 mm Hg. Of eyes with IOP and cup:disk ratio data at presentation, 23 (30%) were diagnosed with glaucoma. Fourteen eyes underwent surgery after presentation; follow-up data were available for half the remaining eyes. At the final follow-up, glaucoma was present in 20 eyes (49%). Glaucoma surgery was performed in 17 eyes, with a complete or qualified success rate of 82.4% at final follow-up, with 15 eyes having at least 12 months' follow-up.
Conclusions:
In this study cohort, children with aniridia presented at around 3 years of age, with glaucoma at presentation in almost one-third of the cases.
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