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Abrasion Resistance of Concrete

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Abrasion resistance is an essential characteristic of concrete that determines its durability and longevity under various wear conditions. Concrete surfaces are vulnerable to different types of abrasion. For instance, surfaces may wear down due to the constant movement of vehicles or be eroded by solids carried in water, as seen in concrete canal linings. Specific tests are conducted to measure the abrasion resistance of concrete.
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Concrete exhibits specific behaviors under different compressive loads. Understanding this is crucial for understanding its structural integrity. When concrete undergoes uniaxial compression, it tends to develop cracks that run parallel to the direction of the force. These parallel cracks stem from localized tensile stresses that occur perpendicular to the compression direction. Additionally, angled cracks may appear due to the formation of shear planes.
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The dynamic modulus of elasticity assesses how a concrete structure deforms under impact or dynamic loads. It is typically higher than the static modulus of elasticity, measured under slow, steady loading conditions.
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Superplasticizers are advanced admixtures that enhance the workability of concrete by lowering the water content without compromising the strength of the material. These substances are highly effective water reducers, improving concrete flow, making it easier to work with, and enabling concrete to reach inaccessible areas or densely reinforced sections without mechanical vibration. The key components in superplasticizers are either sulfonated melamine or naphthalene formaldehyde condensates,...
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Toughness and hardness are critical properties of aggregate materials used in concrete, particularly on pavement surfaces and industrial flooring subjected to heavy loads. Toughness is defined as the aggregate's resistance to failure by impact and is measured by the aggregate impact value (AIV). For this, the aggregate impact value test is performed, wherein the impact is delivered by a standard hammer, which falls freely under its own weight onto the aggregates. The aggregates fragment in...
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Impact strength in concrete is a critical measure that reflects the material's capability to endure the forces applied during pile driving and when supporting machinery foundations that experience impulsive loads. It is also essential when handling precast concrete components to prevent accidental damage. The impact strength is assessed by observing the concrete's resistance to repeated impacts and energy absorption capacity. A key indicator of significant damage to concrete is when it...
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Predicting compressive strength of eco-friendly plastic sand paver blocks using gene expression and artificial

Bawar Iftikhar1,2, Sophia C Alih3, Mohammadreza Vafaei1

  • 1School of Civil Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 81310, Johor Bahru, Johor, Malaysia.

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This study developed models to predict the compressive strength of plastic sand paver blocks (PSPB). Multi-expression programming (MEP) showed superior accuracy, highlighting sand grain size and fiber content as key factors.

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Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Civil Engineering
  • Environmental Science

Background:

  • Plastic sand paver blocks (PSPB) offer a sustainable construction alternative, utilizing plastic waste and reducing cement dependency.
  • Existing models lack the ability to accurately predict the compressive strength of these eco-friendly blocks.
  • Advancing sustainable construction requires accurate predictive models for novel materials like PSPB.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop and compare empirical models for forecasting the compressive strength of plastic sand paver blocks (PSPB).
  • To identify key parameters influencing PSPB compressive strength using advanced computational methods.
  • To provide a predictive tool for optimizing PSPB composition for enhanced structural performance.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized Gene Expression Programming (GEP) and Multi-Expression Programming (MEP) to create predictive models.
  • Developed models using a dataset of 135 compressive strength results with seven input parameters.
  • Performed sensitivity analysis to determine the influence of input variables on compressive strength.

Main Results:

  • MEP models demonstrated higher accuracy (R² = 0.91) compared to GEP models (R² = 0.87) in predicting compressive strength.
  • Sensitivity analysis identified sand grain size and fiber percentage as critical factors, collectively contributing approximately 50% to compressive strength.
  • Both GEP and MEP showed significant relationships between predicted and actual compressive strength values.

Conclusions:

  • MEP is a highly effective method for developing accurate predictive models for PSPB compressive strength.
  • Optimizing sand grain size and fiber content is crucial for maximizing the structural integrity of plastic sand paver blocks.
  • The findings support the wider adoption of PSPB in green building initiatives, promoting environmental preservation and economic benefits.