Screening of wild species and transcriptome profiling to identify differentially regulated genes in response to late...

Late blight (Phytophthora infestans) is a serious disease of potatoes. The aim of this study was to screen wild potato species and identify differentially expressed genes (DEGs) associated with late blight resistance. Wild potato species such as PIN45 (Solanum pinnatisectum), CPH62 (Solanum cardiophyllum), JAM07 (Solanum jamesii), MCD24 (Solanum microdontum), PLD47 (Solanum polyadenium), and cv. Kufri Bahar (control) were tested by artificial inoculation of P. infestans under controlled conditions. Transcriptomes of the leaf tissues (96 h post-inoculation) were sequenced using the Illumina platform. Statistically significant (p < 0.05) DEGs were analyzed in wild species by comparison with the control, and upregulated (>2 log₂ fold change, FC) and downregulated (<-2 log₂ FC) genes were identified. DEGs were functionally characterized with Gene Ontology (GO) terms and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathways. Selected genes were validated by real-time PCR analysis to confirm RNA-seq results. We identified some upregulated genes associated with late blight resistance in wild species such as cytochrome P450, proline-rich protein, MYB transcription factor MYB139, ankyrin repeat-containing protein, and LRR receptor-like serine/threonine-protein kinase in PIN45; glucosyltransferase, fructose-bisphosphate aldolase, and phytophthora-inhibited protease 1 in CPH62; steroid binding protein and cysteine proteinase 3 in JAM07; glycine-rich cell wall structural protein 1 and RING finger protein in MCD24; and cysteine proteinase 3 and major latex protein in PLD47. On the other hand, downregulated genes in these species were snakin-2 and WRKY transcription factor 3 in PIN45; lichenase and phenylalanine ammonia-lyase 1 in CPH62; metallothionein and LRR receptor-like serine/threonine-protein kinase in JAM07; UDP-glucoronosyl/UDP-glucosyl transferase family protein and steroid binding protein in MCD24; and cytoplasmic small heat shock protein class I and phosphatase PLD47. Our study identified highly resistant wild potato species and underlying genes such as disease resistance, stress response, phytohormones, and transcription factors (e.g., MYB, WRKY, AP2/ERF, and AN1) associated with late blight resistance in wild potato species.