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In Vitro Assays to Assess Blood-brain Barrier Mesh-like Vessel Formation and Disruption

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Sexually dimorphic differences in angiogenesis markers predict brain aging trajectories.

A Torres-Espin, Hannah Rabadaugh, S Fitzsimons

Biorxiv : the Preprint Server for Biology

|July 28, 2023

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

Aberrant angiogenesis impacts cognitive aging and dementia risk. This study found sex-specific links between blood angiogenic factors and brain aging, highlighting therapeutic potential for vascular cognitive impairment.

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Author Spotlight: Exploring Sex-Specific Glial Signatures and Therapeutic Leads for Alzheimer's Disease

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Published on: May 20, 2024

Area of Science:

Neuroscience
Gerontology
Cardiovascular Biology

Background:

Aberrant angiogenesis is implicated in cognitive impairment and dementia, yet its role in human brain aging remains understudied, particularly in diverse cohorts.
Most research on angiogenesis and cognition uses model organisms, limiting direct translation to human brain aging processes.
Identifying circulating biomarkers of angiogenesis relevant to human cognitive trajectories is crucial for developing preventative strategies for dementia.

Approach:

Evaluated associations between circulating blood markers of angiogenesis and brain aging in two human cohorts (n=435, age 74 ± 9) using longitudinal cognitive assessments, biospecimens, and brain imaging.
Employed machine learning and traditional statistical methods to analyze sex-specific relationships between plasma angiogenic factors and cognitive and neuroimaging outcomes.
Investigated the role of basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) as a predictor of cognitive trajectories in the context of brain aging.

Key Points:

Sex-specific associations were observed between plasma angiogenic growth factors and brain aging outcomes, including executive function and brain atrophy.
In younger women, higher angiogenesis markers correlated with better executive function and less brain atrophy; this association reversed around age 75.
Elevated levels of basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) predicted more favorable cognitive trajectories, suggesting a protective role in brain aging.

Conclusions:

Aberrant angiogenesis is relevant to human brain aging and cognitive trajectories, with implications for preventing cognitive impairment and dementia.
The findings highlight the importance of considering sex as a biological variable in angiogenesis research related to cognitive aging.
Basic fibroblast growth factor emerges as a potential biomarker and therapeutic target for mitigating age-related cognitive decline and vascular cognitive impairment.