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Related Concept Videos

Potentiometry: Membrane Electrodes01:15

Potentiometry: Membrane Electrodes

632
Membrane electrodes, also known as p-ion electrodes, use membranes that selectively interact with free analyte ions, generating a potential difference across the membrane. The resulting membrane potential, known as the asymmetry potential, is not zero even when analyte concentrations on both sides of the membrane are equal. The membrane's response is typically not selective to a single analyte but proportional to the concentration of all ions in the sample solution capable of interacting at...
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Potentiometry: Types of Electrodes01:19

Potentiometry: Types of Electrodes

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Reference electrodes serve as a stable reference point for potentiometric measurements, while indicator and working electrodes react to variations in the composition of a solution.
The Standard Hydrogen Electrode (SHE) is a widely used reference electrode that maintains zero potential across all temperatures. However, its need for a continuous hydrogen gas supply renders it impractical for everyday use.
An alternative to SHE is the Saturated Calomel Electrode (SCE). This electrode features an...
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Controlled-Potential Coulometry: Electrolytic Methods01:17

Controlled-Potential Coulometry: Electrolytic Methods

210
Controlled-potential coulometry, also known as potentiostatic coulometry, employs a three-electrode system in which the working electrode's potential is precisely regulated using a potentiostat. Platinum working electrodes are utilized for positive potentials, while mercury pool electrodes are favored for extremely negative potentials. The platinum counter electrode is separated from the analyte using a membrane or salt bridge to avoid interference in the analysis.
The chosen potential...
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Amperometry: Overview01:10

Amperometry: Overview

607
Amperometry is a technique commonly used to measure the concentration of specific analytes in a solution by monitoring the electric current generated during an electrochemical reaction. It involves applying a constant potential between a working electrode and a reference electrode to measure the resulting current, which is proportional to the concentration of the analyte. The Clark oxygen electrode operates based on this principle of amperometry. It consists of a cathode and an anode enclosed...
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Simultaneous detection of force and tunneling current in electrolyte solution by using qPlus sensor.

Naritaka Kobayashi1, Masayuki Hojo1, Kengo Baba2

  • 1Department of Electronic Systems Engineering, The University of Shiga Prefecture, Hassaka-cho 2500, Hikone, Shiga 522-8533, Japan.

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A new sensor allows simultaneous atomic force microscopy (AFM) and scanning tunneling microscopy (STM) measurements in liquids. This innovation enables detailed imaging by measuring both force and current, overcoming previous limitations.

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Area of Science:

  • Nanotechnology
  • Surface Science
  • Electrochemistry

Background:

  • Simultaneous atomic force microscopy (AFM) and scanning tunneling microscopy (STM) are crucial for nanoscale characterization.
  • Measuring in liquid environments presents challenges due to electrical interference and Faradaic currents.
  • Existing sensors often struggle to provide combined force and current data accurately in solution.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop a novel sensor for simultaneous AFM and STM measurements in liquid.
  • To enable precise detection of tip-sample interaction forces and tunneling currents.
  • To overcome limitations of Faradaic leakage current in electrochemical environments.

Main Methods:

  • Development of a qPlus sensor with an insulated conductive tip.
  • Electrical insulation of the sensor, except for the tip apex.
  • Utilizing the sensor for simultaneous AFM/STM imaging in electrolyte solutions.

Main Results:

  • Successful simultaneous detection of tip-sample interaction force and tunneling current.
  • Suppression of Faradaic leakage current achieved.
  • Demonstration of simultaneous AFM/STM imaging in an electrolyte solution.

Conclusions:

  • The developed sensor effectively enables simultaneous AFM and STM measurements in liquid.
  • The sensor design overcomes challenges associated with electrochemical environments.
  • This technology advances nanoscale characterization capabilities in solution.