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Gallic acid affects chamomile flower's essential oil.
Aisha M A Ahmed1, Khalid A Khalid2
1Botany Department, National Research Centre, Cairo, Dokki, Egypt.
Natural Product Research
|July 28, 2023
Summary
Gallic acid application significantly boosted chamomile (Matricaria chamomilla) flower and essential oil yields. The 15 mg/L dose maximized key compounds like α-bisabolol, indicating its potential to enhance chamomile
Area of Science:
- Agricultural Science
- Phytochemistry
- Medicinal Chemistry
Background:
- Chamomile essential oil is valued in food and medicine.
- Gallic acid is a known biological elicitor.
- Understanding factors influencing chamomile oil production is crucial.
Purpose of the Study:
- To investigate the effect of Gallic acid on chamomile (Matricaria chamomilla) flower yield and essential oil composition.
- To determine the optimal Gallic acid dosage for maximizing essential oil production and specific chemical constituents.
Main Methods:
- Chamomile plants were treated with varying concentrations of Gallic acid (0, 5, 10, 15, 20 mg/L).
- Flower yield and essential oil content in dry flowers were measured.
- Essential oil chemical composition was analyzed, identifying major components.
- Statistical analysis was performed using one-way ANOVA.
Main Results:
- The 15 mg/L Gallic acid treatment resulted in the highest flower yield.
- This optimal dose also led to the maximum quantity of essential oil, including α-bisabolol oxide A, α-bisabolol, and chamazulene.
- Oxygenated sesquiterpenes were the dominant chemical group in the essential oil.
- Control plants (0 mg/L Gallic acid) showed the highest concentration of oxygenated sesquiterpenes.
Conclusions:
- Gallic acid application enhances chamomile flower and essential oil production.
- Specific dosages of Gallic acid can modulate the chemical profile of chamomile essential oil, potentially altering its biological activity.
- Further research into the biological activities of Gallic acid-modified chamomile oil is warranted.
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