Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Gene Conversion02:08

Gene Conversion

9.8K
Other than maintaining genome stability via DNA repair, homologous recombination plays an important role in diversifying the genome. In fact, the recombination of sequences forms the molecular basis of genomic evolution. Random and non-random permutations of genomic sequences create a library of new amalgamated sequences. These newly formed genomes can determine the fitness and survival of cells. In bacteria, homologous and non-homologous types of recombination lead to the evolution of new...
9.8K
Exon Recombination02:32

Exon Recombination

3.6K
The evolution of new genes is critical for speciation. Exon recombination, also known as exon shuffling or domain shuffling, is an important means of new gene formation. It is observed across vertebrates, invertebrates, and in some plants such as potatoes and sunflowers. During exon recombination, exons from the same or different genes recombine and produce new exon-intron combinations, which might evolve into new genes. 
Exon shuffling follows “splice frame rules.” Each exon...
3.6K
Conservative Site-specific Recombination and Phase Variation02:53

Conservative Site-specific Recombination and Phase Variation

6.0K
Because the DNA segments are cut and reorganized in a direction-specific manner, site-specific recombination has emerged as an efficient genetic engineering technique. Flippase and Cyclization recombinases or Flp and Cre, respectively, are two members of the tyrosine recombinase family derived from bacteriophages, that are used to mediate site-specific DNA insertions, deletions, and targeted expression of proteins in mammalian cell lines.
The recognition sites for Cre recombinase called LoxP...
6.0K
Frequency-dependent Selection01:21

Frequency-dependent Selection

22.1K
When the fitness of a trait is influenced by how common it is (i.e., its frequency) relative to different traits within a population, this is referred to as frequency-dependent selection. Frequency-dependent selection may occur between species or within a single species. This type of selection can either be positive—with more common phenotypes having higher fitness—or negative, with rarer phenotypes conferring increased fitness.
22.1K
Crossing Over01:30

Crossing Over

4.5K
Crossing over is the exchange of genetic information between homologous chromosomes during prophase I of meiosis I. Genetic recombination gives rise to allelic diversity in the newly formed daughter cells. In humans, crossing over produces genetically distinct haploid egg and sperm cells that undergo fertilization to produce unique offspring. Before cell division starts, the germ cell’s chromosome(s) undergo duplication in the S phase of the cell cycle. As the cells enter prophase I,...
4.5K
Overview of Transposition and Recombination02:13

Overview of Transposition and Recombination

15.8K
Transposons make up a significant part of genomes of various organisms. Therefore, it is believed that transposition played a major evolutionary role in speciation by changing genome sizes and modifying gene expression patterns. For example, in bacteria, transposition can lead to conferring antibiotic resistance. Movement of transposable elements within the genetic pool of pathogenic bacteria can aid in transfer of antibiotic-resistant genetic elements. In eukaryotes, transposons can carry out...
15.8K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Inter-strain variation in intra-chromosomal rates of recombination in <i>Caenorhabditis elegans</i>.

bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology·2026
Same author

The longevity effects of reduced IGF-1 signaling depend on the stability of the mitochondrial genome.

Science advances·2026
Same author

Induction of ferroptotic and amyloidogenic signatures linked to Alzheimer's disease by chemically distinct air pollutants.

bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology·2026
Same author

Whole-genome duplications revealed by macronuclear genomes of five rare species of the model ciliates Paramecium.

Science China. Life sciences·2025
Same author

DNA Circle-sequencing lowers the single molecule sequencing error threshold and identifies ultrasonication as a source of DNA damage.

bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology·2025
Same author

A narrow range of transcript-error rates across the Tree of Life.

Science advances·2025

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 21, 2025

Genetic Mapping of Thermotolerance Differences Between Species of Saccharomyces Yeast via Genome-Wide Reciprocal Hemizygosity Analysis
10:08

Genetic Mapping of Thermotolerance Differences Between Species of Saccharomyces Yeast via Genome-Wide Reciprocal Hemizygosity Analysis

Published on: August 12, 2019

17.2K

Modeling Recombination Rate as a Quantitative Trait Reveals New Insight into Selection in Humans.

Austin L Drury1, Jean-Francois Gout1, Amy L Dapper1

  • 1Department of Biological Sciences, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, Mississippi, USA.

Genome Biology and Evolution
|July 28, 2023
PubMed
Summary

High rates of meiotic recombination may impose fitness costs in humans, alongside low rates. This study simulated recombination evolution, suggesting that both low and high recombination rates influence human population variation.

Keywords:
forward-in-time simulationshumansmeiotic recombinationquantitative traitselection

More Related Videos

In Vivo Modeling of the Morbid Human Genome using Danio rerio
12:31

In Vivo Modeling of the Morbid Human Genome using Danio rerio

Published on: August 24, 2013

20.7K
Following the Dynamics of Structural Variants in Experimentally Evolved Populations
04:52

Following the Dynamics of Structural Variants in Experimentally Evolved Populations

Published on: February 3, 2023

1.0K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jul 21, 2025

Genetic Mapping of Thermotolerance Differences Between Species of Saccharomyces Yeast via Genome-Wide Reciprocal Hemizygosity Analysis
10:08

Genetic Mapping of Thermotolerance Differences Between Species of Saccharomyces Yeast via Genome-Wide Reciprocal Hemizygosity Analysis

Published on: August 12, 2019

17.2K
In Vivo Modeling of the Morbid Human Genome using Danio rerio
12:31

In Vivo Modeling of the Morbid Human Genome using Danio rerio

Published on: August 24, 2013

20.7K
Following the Dynamics of Structural Variants in Experimentally Evolved Populations
04:52

Following the Dynamics of Structural Variants in Experimentally Evolved Populations

Published on: February 3, 2023

1.0K

Area of Science:

  • Genetics
  • Evolutionary Biology
  • Genomics

Background:

  • Meiotic recombination is crucial for chromosome segregation and shapes genomic landscapes.
  • Selective pressures on recombination rate variation in human populations are not fully understood.
  • While low recombination rates have known fitness costs, high rates' costs are less defined.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate whether fitness costs associated with low recombination rates alone explain observed human recombination rate variation.
  • To explore the potential fitness costs of high recombination rates in human populations.

Main Methods:

  • Simulated the evolution of recombination rates as a sexually dimorphic quantitative trait.
  • Modeled recombination rates with moderate heritability and a flexible fitness function (hyperbolic tangent curve).
  • Compared simulated trait distributions with empirical data from the Icelandic population.

Main Results:

  • Costs of low recombination rates alone are insufficient to explain observed human recombination rate variation in males and females.
  • Findings support the existence of fitness costs associated with high recombination rates in humans.
  • Identified a parameter space for high recombination rate costs consistent with empirical observations.

Conclusions:

  • Human recombination rate variation is likely shaped by both low and high rate fitness costs.
  • Further research into the evolutionary dynamics of recombination rates is warranted.
  • Understanding these costs provides insights into genomic landscape evolution and human population genetics.