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Computed Tomography01:10

Computed Tomography

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Tomography refers to imaging by sections. Computed tomography (CT) is a non-invasive imaging technique that uses computers to analyze several cross-sectional X-rays to reveal minute details about structures in the body.
The technique was invented in the 1970s and is based on the principle that as X-rays pass through the body, they are absorbed or reflected at different levels. In the technique, a patient lies on a motorized platform while a computerized axial tomography (CAT) scanner rotates...
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DefinitionComputed Tomography (CT) of the genitourinary (GU) tract is a non-invasive imaging modality that utilizes X-rays and computer processing to generate detailed cross-sectional images of the urinary system, encompassing the kidneys, ureters, bladder, and adjacent structures such as the adrenal glands.PurposeCT scans of the GU tract serve several diagnostic and therapeutic purposes, including:Diagnosis of Urinary Tract Diseases: Detects kidney stones, tumors, cysts, and congenital...
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Positron Emission Tomography (PET) is a medical imaging technique that provides crucial insights into the body's physiological functions at a molecular level. It is an indispensable resource for diagnosing, staging, and monitoring various illnesses, notably cancer, neurological disorders, and cardiovascular conditions.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 21, 2025

Construction of a Preclinical Multimodality Phantom Using Tissue-mimicking Materials for Quality Assurance in Tumor Size Measurement
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Comprehensive evaluations of a prototype full field-of-view photon counting CT system through phantom studies.

Xiaohui Zhan1, Ruoqiao Zhang1, Xiaofeng Niu1

  • 1Canon Medical Research USA, Inc., 706 Deerpath Drive, Vernon Hills, IL 60061, United States of America.

Physics in Medicine and Biology
|July 28, 2023
PubMed
Summary

Photon counting CT (PCCT) offers superior imaging performance, including lower noise and better spatial resolution than conventional CT. This advanced technology enables improved material quantification and contrast-to-noise ratio, potentially enhancing diagnostic accuracy and patient safety.

Keywords:
high resolutionimage qualityphoton counting CTphoton counting detectorspectral imagingx-ray computed tomography

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Area of Science:

  • Medical Imaging
  • Radiology
  • Detector Physics

Background:

  • Photon counting CT (PCCT) utilizes semiconductor-based photon counting detectors (PCDs), offering potential advantages over conventional scintillator-based systems.
  • PCDs enable multi-energy threshold detection for simultaneous photon energy measurement and material decomposition, crucial for spectral imaging.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate the performance of a novel CdZnTe-based prototype full-size PCCT system.
  • To assess imaging parameters including CT number accuracy, uniformity, noise, spatial resolution, and material quantification using phantom studies.

Main Methods:

  • A prototype PCCT system with a 500 mm field-of-view and 10 mm z-coverage was used.
  • Phantom scans were acquired at 120 kVp with varying mAs (50-400) to evaluate imaging performance.
  • Projection domain material decomposition was employed using multiple energy bin measurements.

Main Results:

  • PCCT demonstrated superior imaging performance with lower noise and improved spatial resolution compared to energy integrating detector (EID)-CT.
  • Virtual monoenergetic images from PCCT showed reduced noise and accurate quantification of iodine and calcium.
  • Increased contrast-to-noise ratio (CNR) was observed for both high and low contrast objects compared to EID-CT.

Conclusions:

  • PCCT offers enhanced spatial resolution, quantification accuracy, and reduced noise, potentially improving diagnostic capabilities at lower radiation doses.
  • The improved CNR suggests possibilities for reduced iodine contrast media administration, enhancing patient safety and cost-effectiveness.