Imported and autochthonous dengue in Spain

Area of Science:

• Medical Entomology
• Infectious Diseases
• Public Health

Background:

• Dengue virus is a significant arboviral infection globally, primarily transmitted by Aedes mosquitoes.
• Historically eradicated in Spain, dengue cases are now predominantly imported by travelers.
• Recent years have seen autochthonous dengue transmission in Spain, linked to the presence of Aedes albopictus.

Purpose of the Study:

• To highlight the increasing risk of autochthonous dengue transmission in Spain.
• To emphasize the need for enhanced knowledge of dengue diagnosis and management.
• To underscore the importance of controlling Aedes albopictus for public health.

Main Methods:

• Review of epidemiological data on dengue cases in Spain.
• Assessment of Aedes albopictus vector distribution in the Mediterranean basin.
• Analysis of transmission dynamics of dengue virus.

Main Results:

• Most dengue cases in Spain are imported, but autochthonous cases are rising.
• Aedes albopictus, the vector for autochthonous transmission, is established in Spain's Mediterranean regions.
• Early diagnosis and correct management are crucial for reducing mortality and preventing further spread.

Conclusions:

• Autochthonous dengue transmission poses a growing public health challenge in Spain.
• Effective vector control and heightened clinical vigilance are essential.
• Improved understanding of dengue is necessary to mitigate its impact and prevent wider outbreaks.