Malnutrition risk prevalence in hospitalised patients in Castilla-La Mancha: Ten years after the PREDyCES® study
Marta Cano Megías1, José Joaquín Alfaro Martínez2, Belén Fernández de Bobadilla Pascual3
1Departamento de Endocrinología y Nutrición, Hospital Universitario de Guadalajara, Guadalajara, Spain.
Insights
Hospital malnutrition remains a significant issue, with patients at nutritional risk experiencing longer stays and increased complications or mortality. Early identification and intervention are crucial for improving patient outcomes.
Area of Science:
- Clinical Nutrition
- Hospital Medicine
- Public Health
Background:
- Malnutrition is a prevalent problem in hospital settings, as indicated by the PREDyCES study.
- This study investigates the current prevalence of malnutrition in hospitals within Castilla La Mancha.
Purpose of the Study:
- To determine the prevalence of malnutrition in hospitals in Castilla La Mancha.
- To analyze the relationship between malnutrition and hospital complications, mortality, and length of stay.
Main Methods:
- A total of 433 patients from 4 hospitals were included within 48 hours of admission.
- Nutritional risk was assessed using the NRS-2002 screening test.
Main Results:
- 19.4% of patients were identified as being at nutritional risk (NRS-2002 > 3).
- Patients at nutritional risk had a significantly longer hospital stay (9.6 vs 6.8 days) and a higher rate of complications and/or mortality (40.5% vs 16.4%).
- The odds of experiencing a complication and/or death were nearly four times higher for patients at nutritional risk (OR = 3.93).
Conclusions:
- Nutritional risk at hospital admission remains high in Castilla La Mancha.
- Patients identified as being at nutritional risk face increased risks of complications, mortality, and extended hospital stays.
Introduction:
The PREDyCESR study showed ten years ago that malnutrition is a highly prevalent problem at the hospital level. In the present study we investigate the prevalence of malnutrition in hospitals of Castilla La Mancha and its relationship with complications, mortality and length of hospital stay.
Methods:
433 patients (236 men and 197 women), from 4 hospitals were included and randomised within the first 48 h of admission. Nutritional risk was assessed using the NRS-2002 screening test.
Results:
The mean age of the patients was 71.3 ± 0.9 years (alpha-trimmed mean ± insorized standard deviation). Their mean weight was 72.3 ± 0.8 kg and BMI 26.8 ± 0.3 kg/m2. The mean length of hospital stay was 7.2 ± 0.3 days. Of the 433 study patients, 19.4% were defined as 'at-risk' by NRS-2002 > 3. Of the patients at risk, 39.3% received nutritional support. Patients at nutritional risk had an increased length of hospital stay (9.6 vs 6.8 days; p = 0.012) and had more complications and/or higher mortality (40.5% of complications and/or mortality vs 16.4%; p < 0.005). The OR of having a complication and/or death was 3.93 (95% CI: 2.36-6.5); p < 0.005. Regarding the results obtained in the PREDyCES® study, no significant differences were found in the prevalence of nutritional risk at patients' admission (19.4% vs 23%; p = 0.12).
Conclusions:
The nutritional risk at hospital admission continues to be high. Patients at nutritional risk have more complications, higher mortality and an increased length of hospital stay.
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