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Antibiotic Use for Common Infections in Pediatric Emergency Departments: A Narrative Review

Spyridon Karageorgos1,2, Owen Hibberd1,3, Patrick Joseph William Mullally1,4

  • 1Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Blizard Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London E1 2AT, UK.

Antibiotics (Basel, Switzerland)
|July 29, 2023
PubMed

Insights

Pediatric emergency departments can reduce antibiotic use by shortening treatment courses for common infections. Establishing antimicrobial stewardship programs in these settings presents challenges but offers significant benefits for pediatric patients.

Area of Science:

  • Pediatric Emergency Medicine
  • Infectious Diseases
  • Antimicrobial Stewardship

Background:

  • Antibiotics are frequently prescribed in pediatric emergency departments (EDs).
  • Antimicrobial stewardship programs (ASPs) aim to optimize antibiotic use in pediatric patients.
  • Implementing ASPs in pediatric EDs faces significant challenges.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review evidence supporting shorter antibiotic courses for common pediatric ED infections.
  • To highlight ongoing controversies in antibiotic treatment for pediatric infections.

Main Methods:

  • Review of recent studies on antibiotic treatment durations for pediatric infectious diseases.
  • Analysis of evidence regarding optimal antibiotic dosing and necessity.

Main Results:

  • Evidence suggests shorter antibiotic courses are effective for acute otitis media, tonsillitis, community-acquired pneumonia, preseptal cellulitis, and urinary-tract infections.
  • Discrepancies exist regarding the necessity of antibiotic treatment and optimal dosing regimens.

Conclusions:

  • Shorter antibiotic courses represent a viable strategy for reducing antibiotic exposure in pediatric EDs.
  • Further research and consensus are needed to address controversies surrounding antibiotic use in pediatric infectious diseases.

Keywords:
antibioticsantimicrobial stewardshippediatric emergency department

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