Liquid Biopsy in Neurological Diseases

Area of Science:

• Biomarkers and Diagnostics
• Neurology
• Molecular Biology

Background:

• Liquid biopsy represents a minimally invasive technique for analyzing biological fluids.
• It enables the detection of various biomarkers, including cell-free DNA, microRNAs, and circulating tumor cells.
• This method is increasingly validated for applications in oncology, liver disease, and central nervous system (CNS) disorders.

Purpose of the Study:

• To review the components of liquid biopsy that can serve as biomarkers.
• To explore the application of liquid biopsy in diagnosing and monitoring complex neurological conditions.
• To highlight future directions and limitations of liquid biopsy in neurodegenerative and neurological diseases.

Main Methods:

• Review of current literature on liquid biopsy techniques and applications.
• Analysis of various liquid biopsy components (e.g., cfDNA, EVs, miRNAs, CTCs).
• Focus on the utility of these components as biomarkers for neurological disorders.

Main Results:

• Liquid biopsy components show promise as biomarkers for early disease detection and monitoring.
• Specific applications are emerging for Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, CNS tumors, and other neurological conditions.
• The review consolidates evidence supporting liquid biopsy's role in neurological disease evaluation.

Conclusions:

• Liquid biopsy is a powerful, non-invasive tool for biomarker discovery and disease management.
• Its application in neurology holds significant potential for improving patient outcomes.
• Further research is needed to overcome current limitations and fully realize its diagnostic and prognostic capabilities.