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Antimicrobial Peptides and Interleukins in Cleft Soft Palate
Arina Deņisova1, Māra Pilmane1, Dzintra Kažoka1
1Institute of Anatomy and Anthropology, Riga Stradins University, Kronvalda Boulevard 9, LV-1010 Riga, Latvia.
Children (Basel, Switzerland)
|July 29, 2023
Summary
This study found increased antimicrobial peptides and anti-inflammatory cytokines in cleft palate tissues, suggesting a compensatory immune response. These factors work together in the development of cleft palate.
Area of Science:
- Immunology
- Developmental Biology
- Pathophysiology
Background:
- Cleft palate is a common congenital anomaly with debated underlying mechanisms.
- The role of protective tissue factors, such as antimicrobial peptides and cytokines, in cleft palate pathophysiology requires further investigation.
Purpose of the Study:
- To evaluate the presence and distribution of specific antimicrobial peptides (HBD-2, HBD-3, HBD-4, LL-37) and cytokines (IL-10, CD-163) in human cleft palate tissues.
- To explore potential correlations between these factors within cleft palate tissues.
Main Methods:
- Soft palate tissue samples were collected during veloplasty procedures.
- Immunohistochemical staining was used to identify and quantify cells positive for HBD-2, HBD-3, HBD-4, LL-37, IL-10, and CD-163.
- Statistical analysis included the Mann-Whitney U test and Spearman's rank correlation coefficient.
Main Results:
- Significant differences in HBD-2, IL-10 (epithelial and connective tissue), and HBD-4 (connective tissue) were observed between cleft palate patients and controls.
- HBD-3 was moderately present in patients and scarce in controls; LL-37 showed variable presence in both groups.
- Numerous correlations were found between the studied immune factors within cleft tissues, indicating synergistic involvement.
Conclusions:
- Elevated levels of antimicrobial peptides (HBD-2, HBD-4) and the anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10 suggest a compensatory immune system response to tissue changes in cleft palate.
- The synergistic interactions among these local defense factors play a role in the postnatal development and morphopathogenesis of cleft palate.
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