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Behavioral and Sleep Disorders in Children and Adolescents following COVID-19 Disease: A Case-Control Study

Michele Miraglia Del Giudice1, Angela Klain1, Giulio Dinardo1

  • 1Department of Woman, Child and General and Specialized Surgery, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", 80138 Naples, Italy.

Children (Basel, Switzerland)
|July 29, 2023
PubMed

Insights

COVID-19 significantly impacts children's mental health, leading to behavioral and sleep issues. Adolescents experienced more internalizing problems like anxiety and depression post-infection.

Area of Science:

  • Pediatric Neurology
  • Child Psychology
  • Infectious Diseases

Background:

  • Neuropsychiatric disorders are frequent sequelae of COVID-19 in children.
  • Understanding the long-term effects of SARS-CoV-2 on child development is crucial.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate the impact of SARS-CoV-2 infection on behavior and sleep in children and adolescents.
  • To compare behavioral and sleep outcomes in children with and without a history of COVID-19.

Main Methods:

  • 107 pediatric patients (1.5-18 years) with prior COVID-19 infection were assessed.
  • Standardized questionnaires (CBCL for behavior, SLDS for sleep) were administered to parents.
  • Results were compared to a pre-pandemic control group.

Main Results:

  • COVID-19 group showed significant sleep disturbances (breathing, transition, initiation/maintenance) and behavioral issues (internalizing, anxiety/depression).
  • Statistically significant differences were observed in CBCL scores (internalizing, externalizing, somatic complaints, total score, thought problems, anxiety/depression, withdrawal) compared to controls.

Conclusions:

  • COVID-19 infection has a notable impact on the mental health of children and adolescents.
  • Adolescents are particularly vulnerable to internalizing problems, such as anxiety and depression, following COVID-19.
Abstract

Keywords:
CBCLCOVID-19SDSCadolescentsbehaviorchildrenlong COVIDneuropsychiatric disorderssleep

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