Multi-Modal Data Correspondence for the 4D Analysis of the Spine with Adolescent Idiopathic Scoliosis

Adolescent idiopathic scoliosis is a three-dimensional spinal deformity that evolves during adolescence. Combined with static 3D X-ray acquisitions, novel approaches using motion capture allow for the analysis of the patient dynamics. However, as of today, they cannot provide an internal analysis of the spine in motion. In this study, we investigated the use of personalized kinematic avatars, created with observations of the outer (skin) and internal shape (3D spine) to infer the actual anatomic dynamics of the spine when driven by motion capture markers. Towards that end, we propose an approach to create a subject-specific digital twin from multi-modal data, namely, a surface scan of the back of the patient and a reconstruction of the 3D spine (EOS). We use radio-opaque markers to register the inner and outer observations. With respect to the previous work, our method does not rely on a precise palpation for the placement of the markers. We present the preliminary results on two cases, for which we acquired a second biplanar X-ray in a bending position. Our model can infer the spine motion from mocap markers with an accuracy below 1 cm on each anatomical axis and near 5 degrees in orientations.