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Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation Effects on the Neural Substrate of Conceptual Representations.

Sonia Bonnì1, Ilaria Borghi1,2, Michele Maiella1

  • 1Non-Invasive Brain Stimulation Unit, Department of Behavioral and Clinical Neurology, Fondazione Santa Lucia IRCCS, 00179 Rome, Italy.

Brain Sciences
|July 29, 2023
PubMed
Summary

Anodal transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) of the anterior temporal lobes (ATL) impacts conceptual representations based on presentation format. ATL stimulation specifically modulated living categories and taxonomic relations, unlike temporo-parietal junction (TPJ) stimulation.

Keywords:
ATLsTPJliving and non-living categoriestDCStaxonomic and thematic relationsverbal and pictorial representations

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Cognitive Psychology
  • Neurolinguistics

Background:

  • Conceptual representations are crucial for cognition.
  • The neural basis of semantic knowledge, particularly the role of higher-order convergence zones, remains debated.
  • Understanding how different brain regions contribute to processing semantic information is essential.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the neural substrate of conceptual representations.
  • To evaluate the unitary or non-unitary nature of higher-order convergence zones.
  • To examine how anterior temporal lobes (ATL) and temporo-parietal junctions (TPJ) contribute to semantic processing.

Main Methods:

  • Thematic and Taxonomic Semantic (TTS) task was employed.
  • Anodal transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) was applied to ATL and TPJ.
  • Stimuli included biological/artifact categories, verbal/pictorial formats, and categorial/contextual relations.
  • Twenty healthy participants were divided into ATL and TPJ stimulation groups, with each undergoing three sessions (control and bilateral stimulation).

Main Results:

  • ATL stimulation influenced conceptual representations across presentation formats (left-hemisphere for verbal, right-hemisphere for pictorial).
  • ATL stimulation specifically modulated living categories and taxonomic relations.
  • Stimulation of the temporo-parietal junction (TPJ) did not significantly affect semantic task performance.

Conclusions:

  • The anterior temporal lobes (ATL) play a significant role in semantic processing, with distinct hemispheric contributions based on stimulus modality.
  • Conceptual representations are not uniformly processed, and ATL is crucial for specific aspects like living categories and taxonomic organization.
  • The temporo-parietal junction (TPJ) appears less critical for the semantic tasks investigated in this study.