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Microbiota and IL-33/31 Axis Linkage: Implications and Therapeutic Perspectives in Atopic Dermatitis and Psoriasis

Laura Bonzano1, Francesco Borgia2, Rossella Casella3

  • 1Dermatology Unit, Azienda Unità Sanitaria Locale-IRCCS di Reggio Emilia, 42122 Reggio Emilia, Italy.

Biomolecules
|July 29, 2023
PubMed

Insights

Microbiome dysbiosis may initiate the immune imbalance seen in atopic dermatitis (AD) and psoriasis (PsO), driving interleukin-33 (IL-33) and IL-31 related inflammation. This suggests microbiome-targeted therapies could treat these chronic skin conditions.

Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Dermatology
  • Microbiology
  • Allergology

Background:

  • Atopic dermatitis (AD) and psoriasis (PsO) are common, burdensome pruritic skin diseases characterized by microbiome dysbiosis and altered cytokine profiles.
  • Interleukin-33 (IL-33) and IL-31 are key cytokines implicated in the pathogenesis and maintenance of chronic inflammatory skin conditions like AD and PsO.
  • The interplay between dysbiosis and immune dysregulation in AD and PsO is complex, with ongoing debate about the primary causative factor.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the hypothesis that microbiome dysbiosis is the initiating factor in the IL-33/IL-31 dysregulation observed in AD and PsO.
  • To review existing literature on the roles of microbiome, IL-33, and IL-31 in the pathogenesis of these skin conditions.

Main Methods:

  • A literature review was conducted using the PubMed database.
  • Articles from immunology, dermatology, microbiology, and allergology fields were assessed.

Main Results:

  • The review supports the hypothesis that dysbiosis precedes and potentially drives the IL-33/IL-31 axis dysregulation in AD and PsO.
  • Evidence suggests a significant link between microbial imbalances and the inflammatory pathways involved in these conditions.

Conclusions:

  • Microbiome dysbiosis is proposed as a potential root cause for the IL-33/IL-31 dysregulation contributing to atopic dermatitis and psoriasis.
  • Therapeutic strategies targeting the microbiome, IL-31, and IL-33 are under development for managing these pruritic skin disorders.
Keywords:
IL-31IL-33atopic dermatitiscytokinesinflammationmicrobiotapathogenesispsoriasisskintreatment

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