New Onset Autoimmune Diseases after the Sputnik Vaccine

Area of Science:

• Immunology
• Vaccinology
• Neurology

Background:

• The rapid identification of SARS-CoV-2 spurred vaccine development, including adenoviral vector vaccines like Sputnik.
• Post-vaccination autoimmune disease surveillance is crucial for understanding vaccine safety profiles.

Purpose of the Study:

• To investigate autoimmune disease manifestations following Sputnik COVID-19 vaccination.
• To identify the types and frequencies of autoimmune disorders post-Sputnik vaccination.

Main Methods:

• A retrospective study analyzed patients who developed new-onset autoimmune diseases after receiving the Sputnik vaccine.
• Data were collected from March 2021 to December 2022 across two hospitals in Mexico City and Argentina.

Main Results:

• Twenty-eight patients (median age 56.9 years) developed autoimmune diseases post-Sputnik vaccination.
• Neurological (46%) and hematological (42%) autoimmune diseases were most common, including thrombotic events (28%) and autoimmune hemolytic anemia (7.1%).
• Rheumatological (7.1%) and endocrine (3.5%) disorders were also observed.

Conclusions:

• The Sputnik COVID-19 vaccine, though generally safe, can precipitate adverse autoimmune events.
• Thrombosis and Guillain-Barre syndrome were the most frequent post-vaccination autoimmune manifestations in this cohort.