The Role of Selenium in Atherosclerosis Development, Progression, Prevention and Treatment

Area of Science:

• Cardiovascular Biology
• Nutritional Biochemistry
• Trace Element Metabolism

Background:

• Selenium (Se) is an essential trace element crucial for metabolic processes, antioxidant defense, and cardiovascular system function.
• Se deficiency is linked to various cardiovascular diseases, including heart failure, coronary heart disease, and atherosclerosis.
• Selenoenzymes and selenoproteins mediate Se's role in redox homeostasis, oxidative stress, calcium flux, and thyroid hormone metabolism.

Purpose of the Study:

• To review the critical role of selenium in cardiovascular health.
• To update information on selenium's involvement in atherosclerosis pathogenesis.
• To discuss recent trials on selenium supplementation for atherosclerosis prevention and treatment.

Main Methods:

• Literature review focusing on selenium's role in cardiovascular health.
• Analysis of selenium's impact on key atherosclerosis processes: oxidative stress, inflammation, endothelial dysfunction, vascular calcification, and apoptosis.
• Review of recent randomized controlled trials on selenium supplementation.

Main Results:

• Selenium is integral to cardiovascular health through its functions in selenoenzymes and selenoproteins.
• Imbalances in selenium supply disrupt crucial metabolic and cellular processes, contributing to cardiovascular disease.
• Selenium influences key pathways in atherosclerosis development, including oxidative stress, inflammation, and endothelial function.

Conclusions:

• Adequate selenium status is essential for maintaining cardiovascular health and preventing atherosclerosis.
• Selenium supplementation is being investigated as a potential therapeutic and preventive strategy for atherosclerosis.
• Further research and clinical trials are needed to fully elucidate selenium's role in cardiovascular disease management.