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Related Concept Videos

Entropy Change in Reversible Processes01:10

Entropy Change in Reversible Processes

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In the Carnot engine, which achieves the maximum efficiency between two reservoirs of fixed temperatures, the total change in entropy is zero. The observation can be generalized by considering any reversible cyclic process consisting of many Carnot cycles. Thus, it can be stated that the total entropy change of any ideal reversible cycle is zero.
The statement can be further generalized to prove that entropy is a state function. Take a cyclic process between any two points on a p-V diagram.
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Salt particles that have dissolved in water never spontaneously come back together in solution to reform solid particles. Moreover, a gas that has expanded in a vacuum remains dispersed and never spontaneously reassembles. The unidirectional nature of these phenomena is the result of a thermodynamic state function called entropy (S). Entropy is the measure of the extent to which the energy is dispersed throughout a system, or in other words, it is proportional to the degree of disorder of a...
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The second law of thermodynamics can be stated quantitatively using the concept of entropy. Entropy is the measure of disorder of the system.
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In the quest to identify a property that may reliably predict the spontaneity of a process, a promising candidate has been identified: entropy. Processes that involve an increase in entropy of the system (ΔS > 0) are very often spontaneous; however, examples to the contrary are plentiful. By expanding consideration of entropy changes to include the surroundings, a significant conclusion regarding the relation between this property and spontaneity may be reached. In thermodynamic...
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A thermodynamic system is a set of objects whose thermodynamic properties are of interest. The system is considered to be embedded in its surroundings or the environment. The system and its environment can exchange heat and do work on each other through a boundary that separates them. However, the immediate surroundings of the system interact with it directly and therefore have a much stronger influence on its behavior and properties.
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Stochastic Thermodynamics of Multiple Co-Evolving Systems-Beyond Multipartite Processes.

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Summary

This study explores the thermodynamics of composite systems where multiple parts change together. New bounds on entropy production and strengthened speed limits are presented for these complex dynamical systems.

Keywords:
composite processesmismatch costmultipartite processesperiodic processesstochastic thermodynamicsthermodynamic speed limit theoremsthermodynamic uncertainty relations

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Area of Science:

  • Statistical mechanics
  • Non-equilibrium thermodynamics
  • Complex systems

Background:

  • Dynamical systems often comprise multiple co-evolving subsystems with interdependencies.
  • Previous research on multipartite processes assumed only one subsystem changes state at a time.
  • Real-world systems like chemical networks and circuits involve simultaneous state changes in multiple subsystems.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the thermodynamics of composite processes where multiple subsystems change state simultaneously.
  • To establish new theoretical frameworks for understanding energy and information flow in complex systems.
  • To extend the understanding of thermodynamic principles to systems with coupled dynamics.

Main Methods:

  • Development of new theoretical bounds for entropy production in composite processes.
  • Derivation of thermodynamic uncertainty relations specifically for information flows in composite systems.
  • Analysis of strengthened speed limits applicable to simultaneous subsystem dynamics.

Main Results:

  • Strictly positive lower bounds on entropy production for composite processes were established.
  • Novel thermodynamic uncertainty relations were derived for information flows in these systems.
  • Strengthened speed limits were presented, offering tighter constraints on process dynamics.

Conclusions:

  • The findings provide a more comprehensive understanding of thermodynamics in systems with coupled dynamics.
  • The new bounds and relations offer valuable tools for analyzing complex systems in physics and engineering.
  • This work advances the theory of stochastic thermodynamics for multipartite systems with simultaneous state changes.