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Related Concept Videos

Hypertension II: Pathophysiology01:29

Hypertension II: Pathophysiology

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Hypertension is a chronic condition in which the blood's force against artery walls is excessively high, posing risks such as heart disease. The condition's underlying mechanisms involve complex interactions among the cardiovascular, kidney, and autonomic nervous systems.Renin-Angiotensin-Aldosterone System (RAAS): This system significantly influences blood pressure regulation. When blood pressure decreases, the kidneys secrete renin. This enzyme transforms angiotensinogen, a plasma protein,...
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Antihypertensive Drugs: Angiotensin II Receptor Blockers01:30

Antihypertensive Drugs: Angiotensin II Receptor Blockers

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In the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system, a hormone called angiotensin II plays a crucial role. It binds to the AT1 receptors in vascular smooth muscles coupled with Gq proteins. The activation of these receptors activates an enzyme called phospholipase C, which releases two molecules: inositol trisphosphate and diacylglycerol. These molecules cause a chain reaction that leads to the phosphorylation of myosin light chains and promotes interaction between actin and myosin, leading to smooth...
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Hormonal Regulation of Blood Pressure01:17

Hormonal Regulation of Blood Pressure

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Endocrinal or hormonal intervention in the cardiovascular system is predominantly exerted by the catecholamines - epinephrine and norepinephrine, as well as a slew of hormones that interact with renal function to modulate blood volume.
Epinephrine and Norepinephrine
The adrenal medulla releases epinephrine and norepinephrine, catecholamines that enhance and extend the sympathetic or "fight or flight" physiological response. These hormones escalate heart rate and the force of contraction...
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Antihypertensive Drugs: Direct Renin Inhibitors01:25

Antihypertensive Drugs: Direct Renin Inhibitors

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The renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) is an intricate physiological pathway involving numerous enzymes and hormones, including renin, angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE), angiotensin I and II, and aldosterone. Imbalances within this system increase the production of angiotensin II and aldosterone. Increased angiotensin II levels promote vasoconstriction and blood pressure elevation. Concurrently, higher aldosterone levels stimulate sodium and water reabsorption in the kidneys,...
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Antihypertensive Drugs: Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors01:30

Antihypertensive Drugs: Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors

692
Angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE), a vital component of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system, is abundant in lung endothelial cells. ACE converts the inactive decapeptide, angiotensin I, into the active octapeptide, angiotensin II. This potent vasoconstrictor narrows blood vessels, increasing resistance to blood flow and elevating blood pressure. Angiotensin II also stimulates aldosterone production, encouraging kidney cells to reabsorb more sodium and water from urine, thereby increasing...
692
Antihypertensive Drugs: Action of β1 Blockers01:17

Antihypertensive Drugs: Action of β1 Blockers

483
β1-receptors are primarily located in the heart and kidneys. In cardiac myocytes, these receptors interact with neurotransmitters released by the sympathetic nervous system during heightened activity or danger. As a result, β1-receptors get activated, initiating a series of biochemical processes. Excessive activation of beta receptors due to chronic stress can abnormally increase heart rate and contractility, resulting in high blood pressure or hypertension. To counteract this,...
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Updated: Jul 21, 2025

Author Spotlight: Exploring Huotan Jiedu Tongluo Decoction as an Antihypertensive Drug
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Sestrin2 as a Potential Target in Hypertension.

Steven Didik1,2, Hao Wang1,3, Adewale Segun James1

  • 1Department of Surgery, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL 33612, USA.

Diagnostics (Basel, Switzerland)
|July 29, 2023
PubMed
Summary

Sestrin2 (Sesn2) is an antioxidative protein that may treat hypertension by reducing harmful reactive oxygen species (ROS). This review explores Sesn2

Keywords:
Sesn2redox homeostasissignal transduction

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Area of Science:

  • Cardiovascular Research
  • Molecular Biology
  • Biochemistry

Background:

  • Hypertension affects millions globally, increasing cardiovascular disease risk.
  • Elevated reactive oxygen species (ROS) production is a key factor in hypertension.
  • Sources of ROS include mitochondrial stress, ER stress, NADPH oxidase (NOX), and eNOS uncoupling.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the role of Sestrin2 (Sesn2) in hypertension.
  • To explore Sesn2 as a potential therapeutic target for hypertension treatment.
  • To detail Sesn2's structure, function, genetics, and signaling pathways.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing literature on hypertension and Sestrin2.
  • Analysis of Sesn2's role in oxidative stress pathways.
  • Description of Sesn2-related signaling cascades (Nrf2/Sesn2, Sesn2/AMPK/mTOR, Sesn2/Angiotensin II).

Main Results:

  • Sesn2 exhibits antioxidative properties relevant to hypertension.
  • Sesn2 is involved in crucial cellular stress responses.
  • Multiple signaling pathways highlight Sesn2's regulatory functions.

Conclusions:

  • Sesn2 holds significant therapeutic potential for hypertension.
  • Sesn2 can be targeted via inducers, activators, or gene therapy.
  • Further research into Sesn2 modulation could lead to novel hypertension treatments.