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Examining the Psychoactive Differences between Kratom Strains.

Guido Huisman1,2, Maximilian Menke2, Oliver Grundmann1

  • 1Department of Medicinal Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA.

International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health
|July 29, 2023
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Kratom (Mitragyna speciosa) users reported different effects for red, green, and white strains, aligning with marketing. However, alkaloid analysis showed no significant strain differences, suggesting marketing and anecdotal reports may heavily influence perceived effects.

Keywords:
7-hydroxymitragynineMitragyna speciosakratommitragyninepsychoactive compound

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Area of Science:

  • Ethnobotany
  • Pharmacology
  • Neuroscience

Background:

  • Kratom (Mitragyna speciosa), a Southeast Asian plant, contains alkaloids with pharmacological effects.
  • Online vendors market various kratom strains with distinct purported effects.
  • Marketing claims for kratom strain effects remain largely unsubstantiated.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate if differently colored kratom products (red, green, white) induce distinct self-reported effects in users.
  • To compare user-reported experiences and motivations across different kratom strains.
  • To assess the relationship between reported effects and actual alkaloid content.

Main Methods:

  • Anonymous survey of 644 current kratom users.
  • Comparison of self-reported effects and motivations for red, green, and white kratom strains.
  • Analysis of alkaloid content in kratom products from a single vendor.

Main Results:

  • Survey respondents reported distinct subjective experiences for different kratom strains, consistent with marketing descriptions.
  • Independent laboratory analysis revealed no significant cross-strain differences in alkaloid content.
  • Reported effect differences may be disproportionately influenced by marketing narratives and anecdotal evidence.

Conclusions:

  • User-reported kratom strain effects align with marketing but lack objective support from alkaloid profiles.
  • The influence of marketing and anecdotal reports on perceived kratom effects warrants further investigation.
  • Future research should include diverse populations, multiple vendors, and controlled studies to explore placebo effects and other factors like minor alkaloids and terpenes.