An Extensively Hydrolyzed Formula Supplemented with Two Human Milk Oligosaccharides Modifies the Fecal Microbiome and...

Area of Science:

• Pediatric Allergy and Immunology
• Gastroenterology
• Microbiome Research

Background:

• Cow's milk protein allergy (CMPA) is a common condition in infants, often associated with gut dysbiosis.
• The gut microbiome plays a crucial role in immune system development and overall infant health.
• Human milk oligosaccharides (HMOs) are known to modulate the infant gut microbiome.

Purpose of the Study:

• To investigate the impact of a whey-based extensively hydrolyzed formula (EHF) supplemented with specific HMOs (2'-FL and LNnT) on the fecal microbiome and metabolome of infants with CMPA.
• To assess whether HMO supplementation can correct gut dysbiosis in infants diagnosed with CMPA.
• To explore potential health benefits associated with HMO-mediated microbiome changes.

Main Methods:

• A randomized, multicenter intervention study involving 194 non-breastfed infants with CMPA.
• Fecal samples were collected at multiple time points (baseline, 1, 3 months, and 12 months of age).
• Analysis of fecal microbiome composition and metabolomic profiles to identify changes related to HMO supplementation.

Main Results:

• HMO supplementation significantly enriched Bifidobacteria in the infant gut microbiome.
• HMOs delayed the transition of the gut microbiome towards an adult-like composition.
• Specific changes in fecal amino acid degradation and bile acid conjugation were observed, particularly in infants starting supplementation before three months of age.

Conclusions:

• Supplementation with 2'-FL and LNnT in an EHF partially corrected gut dysbiosis in infants with CMPA.
• HMOs positively influence the gut microbiome composition and function in infants with CMPA.
• Further research is warranted to determine the clinical significance of these microbiome alterations, including potential reductions in infections.