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Related Concept Videos

Dementia01:30

Dementia

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Dementia is a collective term for cognitive disorders primarily affecting memory, thinking, and reasoning. It is not a specific disease but a syndrome, with Alzheimer's disease being the most common cause, accounting for approximately 60-80% of cases. Other types include vascular dementia, Lewy body dementia, and frontotemporal dementia. Dementia affects millions worldwide, particularly older adults, though it is not a normal part of aging.
The progression of dementia is generally gradual....
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Alzheimer's Disease (AD) is a continually advancing neurodegenerative disorder, distinguished by escalating memory loss, cognitive dysfunction, and dementia. The disease unfolds in three stages: preclinical, mild cognitive impairment (MCI), and dementia. Its onset is insidious, and the progression gradual, with the cause not well explained by other disorders.
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Alzheimer's Disease (AD), a neurodegenerative disorder, is pathologically identified by amyloid plaques and neurofibrillary tangles composed of tau protein. AD pharmacotherapy aims to manage cognitive symptoms, delay disease progression, and treat behavioral symptoms. The treatment is primarily symptomatic and palliative, with no definitive disease-modifying therapy available. Cholinesterase inhibitors, including donepezil (Aricept), rivastigmine (Exelon), and galantamine (Razadyne), are...
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Association Areas of the Cortex01:21

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Association areas are regions of the cerebral cortex that do not have a specific sensory or motor function. Instead, they integrate and interpret information from various sources to enable higher cognitive processes such as memory, learning, and decision-making. Some key association areas include the following:
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Neurodegenerative disorders are progressive diseases that cause irreversible damage and loss to neurons in specific brain areas. Examples of these disorders include Parkinson's disease, Alzheimer's disease, Multiple Sclerosis (MS), and Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS). These disorders share characteristics such as proteinopathies, selective neuronal vulnerability, and a complex interplay between genetic and environmental factors. The primary therapeutic goal for these conditions is...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 21, 2025

Abbiategrasso Brain Bank Protocol for Collecting, Processing and Characterizing Aging Brains
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Frontotemporal Dementia, Where Do We Stand? A Narrative Review.

Annibale Antonioni1,2, Emanuela Maria Raho1, Piervito Lopriore3

  • 1Unit of Clinical Neurology, Neurosciences and Rehabilitation Department, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy.

International Journal of Molecular Sciences
|July 29, 2023
PubMed
Summary

Frontotemporal dementia (FTD) is a complex brain disorder affecting middle-aged adults. This review synthesizes current knowledge on FTD genetics, diagnosis, and therapies, highlighting its heterogeneity and impact.

Keywords:
C9orf72behavioural variantbiomarkersfrontotemporal dementia (FTD)neurodegenerative dementiasnon-Alzheimer’s disease dementiasprimary progressive aphasiastau

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Area of Science:

  • Neurology
  • Neuroscience
  • Genetics

Background:

  • Frontotemporal dementia (FTD) is a significant cause of middle-age-onset dementia, characterized by selective degeneration of frontal and temporal lobes.
  • FTD presents with diverse symptoms including behavioral changes, speech disorders, and psychiatric issues, posing a substantial burden on patients and caregivers.
  • The extreme heterogeneity of FTD necessitates a comprehensive overview of current research.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To provide an updated state-of-the-art review on the pathogenesis of Frontotemporal dementia (FTD).
  • To integrate established findings with recent advances in genetics, clinical manifestations, and histopathology.
  • To explore diagnostic criteria, including neuroimaging, nuclear medicine, biomarkers, and neurophysiological investigations.

Main Methods:

  • Review of established and recent findings in FTD research.
  • Examination of genetic advances and their relation to clinical and histopathological features.
  • Analysis of diagnostic tools: neuroimaging, nuclear medicine, biomarkers, electroencephalography, and non-invasive brain stimulation.

Main Results:

  • Genetics plays a crucial role in FTD, with links to clinical and histopathological findings, and conditions like amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS).
  • Current diagnostic criteria encompass neuroimaging, nuclear medicine, and fluid biomarkers.
  • Neurophysiological investigations offer insights into altered brain networks and neurotransmitter systems in FTD.

Conclusions:

  • A comprehensive understanding of FTD requires integrating genetic, clinical, pathological, and diagnostic data.
  • Neuroimaging, biomarkers, and neurophysiology are key tools for diagnosing and understanding FTD heterogeneity.
  • Further research into current and experimental therapies is essential for managing FTD.