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Pediatric Obesity: Complications and Current Day Management
Mary Ellen Vajravelu1,2, Emir Tas1,2, Silva Arslanian1,2
1Center for Pediatric Research in Obesity and Metabolism, UPMC Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, 4401 Penn Ave., Faculty Pavilion 6th Floor, Pittsburgh, PA 15224, USA.
Life (Basel, Switzerland)
|July 29, 2023
Summary
Pediatric obesity affects 1 in 5 youth globally, increasing risks for serious health issues. Management includes lifestyle changes, anti-obesity medications, and surgery for severe cases.
Area of Science:
- Pediatric Endocrinology
- Metabolic Disorders
- Public Health
Background:
- Obesity affects 1 in 5 children worldwide, leading to significant health risks like type 2 diabetes and hypertension.
- Pediatric obesity is linked to weight stigma and reduced quality of life, potentially worsening weight gain.
- Diagnosis typically uses body mass index percentiles specific to sex, age, and population.
Purpose of the Study:
- To review obesity-related metabolic complications in youth.
- To explore current and emerging management strategies for pediatric obesity.
- To provide an overview of lifestyle modifications, anti-obesity medications, and bariatric surgery.
Main Methods:
- Narrative review of pediatric-focused data.
- Inclusion of original research, reviews, and clinical practice guidelines.
- Consideration of data from governmental agencies and pharmaceutical companies.
Main Results:
- Several anti-obesity medications (AOM) like liraglutide, phentermine/topiramate, and semaglutide are FDA-approved for adolescents.
- Setmelanotide is available for rare monogenic obesity disorders, showing significant weight loss potential.
- Metabolic and bariatric surgery is effective for severe pediatric obesity but has limited uptake.
Conclusions:
- Lifestyle modification is the cornerstone of pediatric obesity management.
- Pharmacotherapy with AOM and surgical interventions offer additional options for adolescents with obesity.
- Further research and specialized care are crucial for optimizing outcomes in pediatric obesity.
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