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What Makes a Good Plant Invader?

Helena Korpelainen1, Maria Pietiläinen1

  • 1Department of Agricultural Sciences, Viikki Plant Science Centre, P.O. Box 27, FI-00014 University of Helsinki, Finland.

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|July 29, 2023
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Summary

Plant invasiveness is driven by human-assisted dispersal, preference for disturbed habitats, and perennial life cycles. Asexual reproduction and hermaphroditism enhance the spread of invasive plant species globally.

Keywords:
adaptationcolonizationdispersalgenetic variationinvasive plants

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Area of Science:

  • Ecology
  • Evolutionary Biology
  • Conservation Biology

Background:

  • Invasive species pose significant ecological and economic threats worldwide.
  • Understanding the traits that facilitate plant invasions is crucial for effective management.
  • External factors (abiotic/biotic constraints) and intrinsic plant characteristics influence invasion success.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To identify key traits contributing to plant invasiveness.
  • To analyze factors influencing the global spread and establishment of invasive plants.
  • To use data from the Global Invasive Species Database (IUCN) as a case study.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of traits associated with plant invasion success.
  • Examination of life history, genetic, competitive, dispersal, and reproductive characteristics.
  • Utilizing data from the Global Invasive Species Database (IUCN) for case study analysis.

Main Results:

  • Human-assisted dispersal, ornamental use, disturbed habitat preference, and perennial life history are prevalent traits.
  • Most serious invasive species often have narrower native ranges but achieve multicontinental distributions.
  • Mixed reproductive systems (sexual and asexual) and hermaphroditism enhance invasiveness and establishment.

Conclusions:

  • Asexual propagation and sexual reproduction (especially hermaphroditism) are significant assets for plant invasions.
  • Human activities play a critical role in the introduction and global distribution of invasive plants.
  • Effective management strategies should consider these identified traits to mitigate plant invasions.