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Related Concept Videos

RNA Interference01:23

RNA Interference

26.1K
RNA interference (RNAi) is a process in which a small non-coding RNA molecule blocks the post-transcriptional expression of a gene by binding to its messenger RNA (mRNA) and preventing the protein from being translated.
This process occurs naturally in cells, often through the activity of genomically-encoded microRNAs. Researchers can take advantage of this mechanism by introducing synthetic RNAs to deactivate specific genes for research or therapeutic purposes. For example, RNAi could be used...
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Experimental RNAi02:15

Experimental RNAi

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RNA interference (RNAi) is a cellular mechanism that inhibits gene expression by suppressing its transcription or activating the RNA degradation process. The mechanism was discovered by Andrew Fire and Craig Mello in 1998 in plants. Today, it is observed in almost all eukaryotes, including protozoa, flies, nematodes, insects, parasites, and mammals. This precise cellular mechanism of gene silencing has been developed into a technique that provides an efficient way to identify and determine the...
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siRNA - Small Interfering RNAs02:30

siRNA - Small Interfering RNAs

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Small interfering RNAs, or siRNAs, are short regulatory RNA molecules that can silence genes post-transcriptionally, as well as the transcriptional level in some cases. siRNAs are important for protecting cells against viral infections and silencing transposable genetic elements.
In the cytoplasm, siRNA is processed from a double-stranded RNA, which comes from either endogenous DNA transcription or exogenous sources like a virus. This double-stranded RNA is then cleaved by the...
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Small interfering RNAs (siRNA)02:30

Small interfering RNAs (siRNA)

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piRNA - Piwi-interacting RNAs02:57

piRNA - Piwi-interacting RNAs

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PIWI-interacting RNAs, or piRNAs, are the most abundant short non-coding RNAs. More than 20,000 genes have been found in humans that code for piRNAs while only 2000 genes have been found for miRNAs. piRNAs can act at the transcriptional and post-transcriptional levels and have a vital role in silencing transposable elements present in germ cells. They are also involved in epigenetic silencing and activation. Previously, they were thought to function only in germ cells but new evidence suggests...
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Types of RNA01:20

Types of RNA

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Three main types of RNA are involved in protein synthesis: messenger RNA (mRNA), transfer RNA (tRNA), and ribosomal RNA (rRNA). These RNAs perform diverse functions and can be broadly classified as protein-coding or non-coding RNA. Non-coding RNAs play important roles in regulating gene expression in response to developmental and environmental changes. Non-coding RNAs in prokaryotes can be manipulated to develop more effective antibacterial drugs for human or animal use.
RNA Performs Diverse...
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Practical Use of RNA Interference: Oral Delivery of Double-stranded RNA in Liposome Carriers for Cockroaches
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Practical Use of RNA Interference: Oral Delivery of Double-stranded RNA in Liposome Carriers for Cockroaches

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Basic Principles of RNA Interference: Nucleic Acid Types and In Vitro Intracellular Delivery Methods.

Marie Isenmann1,2, Martin James Stoddart1,2, Rainer Schmelzeisen1

  • 1Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Hugstetterstrasse 55, 79106 Freiburg, Germany.

Micromachines
|July 29, 2023
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

RNA interference (RNAi) utilizes small RNAs like siRNA and miRNA to regulate gene expression in research. Understanding RNA types and delivery methods is crucial for effective RNAi experiments.

Keywords:
ASORNA interferencegene silencingmiRNApiRNAshRNAsiRNA

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Double-stranded RNA Oral Delivery Methods to Induce RNA Interference in Phloem and Plant-sap-feeding Hemipteran Insects
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Area of Science:

  • Molecular Biology
  • Genetics

Background:

  • RNA interference (RNAi) is a key tool for in vitro gene downregulation since its 1989 discovery.
  • It involves complementary RNA binding to target sequences, affecting transcription or translation.
  • Various small RNAs (siRNA, miRNA, shRNA, piRNA) mimic endogenous RNAi machinery for gene regulation in cell cultures.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To provide an overview of nucleic acids and delivery methods for RNA interference (RNAi) experiments.
  • To aid researchers in planning, interpreting, and troubleshooting RNAi studies.
  • To highlight the importance of understanding the mode of action, off-target effects, and limitations of different RNA types and delivery systems.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing literature on RNA interference (RNAi) mechanisms.
  • Compilation of information on various small RNA molecules (siRNA, miRNA, shRNA, piRNA).
  • Summary of established biochemical, physical, and viral delivery methods for RNA into cells.

Main Results:

  • Identified different types of small RNAs applicable for in vitro gene regulation.
  • Cataloged various methods for delivering RNA molecules into cells or nuclei.
  • Emphasized that each RNA type and delivery method has unique off-target effects, limitations, and compatibilities.

Conclusions:

  • A comprehensive understanding of small RNA types and delivery methods is essential for successful RNAi experiments.
  • Researchers must consider the specific characteristics of each RNA and delivery system to optimize gene downregulation.
  • This review serves as a guide for navigating the complexities of RNA interference in molecular biological research.