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An Integrated Pump-Controlled Variable Coupler Fabricated by Ultrafast Laser Writing.

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Researchers developed a tunable optical coupler using a twin-core waveguide in doped glass. This device allows all-optical control of signal splitting for integrated photonic applications.

Keywords:
erbium and ytterbium co-doped waveguidesfemtosecond laser writingintegrated opticspumped nonlinear couplersymmetric directional coupler

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Area of Science:

  • Photonics and Optical Engineering
  • Materials Science
  • Integrated Optics

Background:

  • Integrated optical devices are crucial for modern communication systems.
  • Tunable optical couplers enable dynamic control over light signals.
  • Femtosecond laser direct writing offers precise fabrication of optical waveguides.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To design and fabricate a symmetric directional coupler whose coupling ratio is dependent on optical pumping power.
  • To investigate the all-optical tunability of a twin-core waveguide coupler.
  • To demonstrate continuous control over the coupling ratio for signal processing.

Main Methods:

  • Fabrication of a twin-core waveguide in Er3+/Yb3+ co-doped phosphate glass using femtosecond laser direct writing.
  • Optical pumping at a 1534 nm wavelength to induce refractive index changes.
  • Experimental characterization of the coupling ratio modulation with varying pump power.

Main Results:

  • A symmetric directional coupler was successfully fabricated.
  • The coupling ratio was continuously tuned from 100/0 to 50/50.
  • Tuning was achieved by increasing optical pump power from 0 to 350 mW.

Conclusions:

  • The developed twin-core coupler offers all-optical control over signal splitting.
  • The device demonstrates potential for on-chip all-optical signal processing.
  • This technology advances integrated photonic systems for communication.