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Gene Regulation in Microbial Communities: Quorum Sensing01:28

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Quorum sensing is a mechanism of bacterial communication that enables coordinated gene expression in response to changes in population density. This facilitates collective behaviors that enhance survival, resource acquisition, and ecological adaptation. This process relies on small signaling molecules called autoinducers that accumulate as bacterial populations grow. When a critical threshold concentration of autoinducers is reached, bacterial cells collectively modify gene expression,...
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Bacterial signaling can occur within bacteria (intracellular) or between bacteria (intercellular). At times, a group of bacteria behaves like a community. To achieve this, they engage in quorum sensing, the perception of higher cell density that causes changes in gene expression. Quorum sensing involves both extracellular and intracellular signaling. The signaling cascade starts with a molecule called an autoinducer (AI). Individual bacteria produce AIs that move out of the bacterial cell...
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Biofilms are complex communities of microorganisms encased in a self-produced extracellular polysaccharide matrix attached to surfaces. These microbial consortia can include single or multiple species, providing enhanced survival benefits by forming organized, multilayered structures.The formation of biofilms occurs through four key stages: attachment, colonization, development, and dispersal.During attachment, free-swimming planktonic cells adhere to a surface, often facilitated by...
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Yeasts are single-celled organisms, but unlike bacteria, they are eukaryotes (cells with a nucleus). Cell signaling in yeast is similar to signaling in other eukaryotic cells. A ligand, such as a protein or a small molecule released from a yeast cell, attaches to a receptor on the cell surface. The binding stimulates second-messenger kinases to activate or inactivate transcription factors that further regulate gene expression. Many of the yeast intracellular signaling cascades have similar...
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Organotypic Tissue Model Systems for Investigating Host-Pathogen Interactions In Vitro
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Quorum Sensing in Oral Biofilms: Influence on Host Cells.

Malee Nagi1,2, Iain L C Chapple2, Praveen Sharma2,3

  • 1Oral Microbiology Group, School of Dentistry, Institute of Microbiology and Infection, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B5 7EG, UK.

Microorganisms
|July 29, 2023
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Summary

Quorum sensing molecules (QSMs) in the mouth signal bacterial activity. Host cells detect these molecules, often triggering an immune response, offering potential new treatments for oral diseases.

Keywords:
N-acyl homoserine lactones (AHL)autoinducer-2 (AI-2)oral biofilmperiodontal diseasesquorum sensing

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Area of Science:

  • Microbiology
  • Immunology
  • Oral Health

Background:

  • Quorum sensing molecules (QSMs) regulate critical bacterial functions in the oral cavity, including biofilm formation and virulence.
  • Direct interactions between oral QSMs and host cells are not well understood, limiting insights into oral disease development.
  • Understanding these cross-kingdom communications is crucial for advancing oral health research.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review existing literature on oral QSM-host interactions.
  • To identify advancements and knowledge gaps in this research area.
  • To explore the potential of targeting QSMs for novel oral disease therapies.

Main Methods:

  • Comprehensive literature search on oral QSM-host interactions.
  • Analysis of studies involving various oral cell types and QSMs.
  • Focus on immune cell responses to QSMs in the context of periodontal diseases.

Main Results:

  • Host cells utilize QSMs to detect bacterial presence.
  • QSMs generally elicit an immune response from host cells.
  • Immune cells play a significant role in the interaction with oral QSMs, particularly in periodontal diseases.

Conclusions:

  • Oral QSMs are recognized by host cells, often initiating immune responses.
  • Targeting QSMs presents a promising avenue for developing new treatments for oral diseases.
  • Improved detection methods for N-acyl homoserine lactones (AHLs) are needed for a deeper understanding of QSM-host interactions.