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Updated: Jul 20, 2025

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An Optical 1×4 Power Splitter Based on Silicon-Nitride MMI Using Strip Waveguide Structures.

Aviv Frishman1, Dror Malka1

  • 1Faculty of Engineering, Holon Institute of Technology (HIT), Holon 5810201, Israel.

Nanomaterials (Basel, Switzerland)
|July 29, 2023
PubMed
Summary

This study introduces a novel silicon nitride optical power splitter that effectively minimizes back reflection, crucial for reliable laser signal transmission. This design enhances performance in data-center networks by enabling efficient optical signal distribution.

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Area of Science:

  • Photonics and Optical Engineering
  • Materials Science in Optoelectronics

Background:

  • Silicon (Si) multimode interference (MMI) devices often suffer from back reflection (BR) due to high index contrast.
  • Silicon nitride (Si3N4) offers potential for mitigating BR in MMI couplers.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To design and optimize a 1x4 optical power splitter utilizing Si3N4 MMI couplers.
  • To address and reduce the back reflection effect in MMI-based optical devices.

Main Methods:

  • Numerical optimization using beam propagation method (BPM).
  • Finite difference time domain (FDTD) simulations for device analysis.
  • Design incorporates Si3N4 MMI and adiabatic tapers.

Main Results:

  • Achieved equal power distribution (24.3% per port) with 0.13 dB insertion loss in the O-band.
Keywords:
O-bandback reflectionbeam propagation methodmultimode interferenceoptical power splittersilicon nitridestrip waveguide

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  • Demonstrated good tolerance to MMI coupler parameter shifts (±250 nm).
  • Achieved significant back reflection reduction, ranging from 40.25-42.44 dB across the O-band.

    • Conclusions:

    • The Si3N4 MMI optical power splitter effectively mitigates back reflection, ensuring reliable laser signal reception.
    • The design shows significant potential for data-center networks, enabling efficient optical signal distribution and routing in the O-band.