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EVOO Polyphenols Exert Anti-Inflammatory Effects on the Microglia Cell through TREM2 Signaling Pathway

Manuela Leri1, Marzia Vasarri1, Federica Carnemolla1

  • 1Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche Sperimentali e Cliniche "Mario Serio", Università degli Studi di Firenze, 50134 Firenze, Italy.

Pharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland)
|July 29, 2023
PubMed

Insights

Extra virgin olive oil polyphenols reduce neuroinflammation by activating TREM2 pathways and promoting protective microglial activity. These findings highlight dietary olive polyphenols

Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Immunology
  • Nutritional Science

Background:

  • Microglia, the brain's immune cells, become chronically inflammatory in Alzheimer's disease (AD), contributing to neurotoxicity.
  • Genetic variants in microgliopathy-associated molecules like TREM2 increase AD risk and cognitive decline.
  • Neuroinflammation is a key area of interest in AD research.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the neuroprotective effects of extra virgin olive oil (EVOO) polyphenols, specifically oleuropein aglycone (OleA) and hydroxytyrosol (HT).
  • To elucidate the mechanisms by which EVOO polyphenols modulate microglial activity and neuroinflammation in vitro.

Main Methods:

  • In vitro assays using human neuronal (SH-SY5Y) and microglial (BV2, C13NJ) cell models.
  • Treatment with EVOO polyphenols (OleA, HT) followed by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) stimulation.
  • Evaluation of protective effects using ELISA, MTT assays, ROS detection, Western blotting, and immunofluorescence.

Main Results:

  • EVOO polyphenols significantly reduced the release of pro-inflammatory cytokines (IL-6, IL-8, IP-10, RANTES).
  • Polyphenols activated the TREM2-dependent anti-inflammatory pathway.
  • Enhanced microglial activity and promoted M2 polarization, indicating a shift towards a protective phenotype.

Conclusions:

  • Dietary olive polyphenols exert neuroprotection by mitigating neuroinflammation and neuronal impairment.
  • The study provides mechanistic insights into how EVOO polyphenols modulate microglial function via TREM2.
  • Findings support the beneficial role of dietary olive polyphenols in combating neuroinflammation associated with AD.
Keywords:
TREM2microglia polarizationneuroinflammationpolyphenols

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