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Related Concept Videos

Design Example: Underdamped Parallel RLC Circuit01:17

Design Example: Underdamped Parallel RLC Circuit

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Consider designing an oscillator circuit, a crucial component in various electronic devices and systems. The objective is to create an oscillator circuit with specific characteristics: a damped natural frequency of 4 kHz and a damping factor of 4 radians per second. To accomplish this, a parallel RLC circuit is employed, known for its ability to sustain oscillations at a resonant frequency. In this case, the damping factor is pivotal in achieving the desired performance.
Starting with a fixed...
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Differential Relays01:20

Differential Relays

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Differential relays are used to protect generators, buses, and transformers by comparing electrical quantities at different points. When a fault occurs, the difference in current between the two points triggers the relay to operate, opening the circuit breaker. Under normal conditions, the current entering (i1) and leaving (i2) a generator are equal. When a fault occurs, however, these currents become unequal, and the difference current flows in the relay operating coil, causing the relay to...
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Line Protection with Impedance Relays

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Coordinating time-delay overcurrent relays in complex radial systems and directional overcurrent relays in multi-source transmission loops can be challenging. Impedance relays address these issues by responding to the voltage-to-current ratio, specifically measuring the apparent impedance of a line. These relays become more sensitive during faults as current increases and voltage decreases, thereby reducing the apparent impedance.
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Design Example01:23

Design Example

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The innovation of touch-tone telephony revolutionized the telecommunications industry by replacing the traditional rotary dial with a dual-tone multi-frequency (DTMF) signaling system. This system uses a matrix-style keypad with buttons arranged in four rows and three columns, creating 12 distinct signals each assigned to a pair of frequencies. Each button press results in a simultaneous generation of two sinusoidal tones – one from a low-frequency group (697 to 941 Hz) and one from a...
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Parallel RLC Circuits01:14

Parallel RLC Circuits

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Street lamps equipped with RLC surge protectors are an excellent example of applying circuit analysis in practical scenarios. These surge protectors safeguard the lamp's components against sudden voltage spikes.
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Pilot and Numeric Relaying01:21

Pilot and Numeric Relaying

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Pilot relaying is a type of differential protection used in power systems. It compares electrical quantities at the terminals of equipment via a communication channel instead of direct relay interconnection. This method is essential for transmission lines where the terminals are far apart, typically up to 80 km for lines with 69 to 115 kV ratings. Four types of communication channels are used for pilot relaying:
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Updated: Jul 20, 2025

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Performance of a Double RIS Communication System Aided by Partially Active Elements.

Seung-Geun Yoo1,2, Min-A Kim1,2, Jin-Woo Kim1,2

  • 1Department of Information and Communication Engineering, Sejong University, Seoul 05006, Republic of Korea.

Sensors (Basel, Switzerland)
|July 29, 2023
PubMed
Summary

A novel partially active reconfigurable intelligent surface (RIS) system enhances wireless communication spectral efficiency. This approach overcomes signal attenuation issues in double RIS setups, offering improved energy efficiency.

Keywords:
active RISdouble RISreconfigurable intelligent surface (RIS)singular value decomposition (SVD)

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Area of Science:

  • Wireless Communication Systems
  • Metamaterials and Surfaces

Background:

  • Reconfigurable intelligent surfaces (RIS) improve spectral efficiency but face performance limitations with obstacles.
  • Double RIS systems enhance coverage but suffer from significant signal attenuation across three channels.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To propose and analyze a double RIS-aided wireless communication system utilizing a partially active RIS.
  • To address signal attenuation and reduce power consumption in advanced RIS communication networks.

Main Methods:

  • An active RIS, incorporating an amplifier, is applied to the second RIS to mitigate signal loss.
  • Singular value decomposition (SVD) is employed on the sum of covariance matrices to optimize RIS element activation.
  • Element activation is determined by analyzing the singular values of the summed covariance matrix.

Main Results:

  • The proposed partially active double RIS system demonstrates superior sum rate performance compared to a single RIS system.
  • While achieving a slightly lower sum rate than a fully active double RIS system, it offers significantly better energy efficiency.
  • The optimization method effectively identifies active elements to balance performance and power consumption.

Conclusions:

  • The partially active double RIS system presents a viable solution for overcoming signal attenuation and enhancing wireless communication performance.
  • This technology offers a promising trade-off between spectral efficiency and energy consumption for future wireless networks.
  • The proposed optimization strategy enables efficient resource allocation in complex RIS-enabled communication environments.