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Linear Antenna Array Sectorized Beam Scanning Approaches Using Element Position Perturbation in the Azimuth Plane.

Safaa I Abd Elrahman1, Ahmed M Elkhawaga2, Amr H Hussein2,3

  • 1Electronics and Communication Engineering Department, Faculty of Engineering, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44519, Egypt.

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Summary

This study introduces two sector beam scanning approaches (BSAs) using element position perturbations (EPPs). A novel SLL/EPP-BSA method significantly reduces side lobe levels for enhanced antenna array performance.

Keywords:
array thinningbeam scanning approach (BSA)element position perturbations (EPP)genetic algorithm (GA)half power beamwidth (HPBW)linear antenna array (LAA)planar antenna array (PAA)side lobe level (SLL)

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Area of Science:

  • Electromagnetics and Applied Physics
  • Antenna Theory and Design
  • Signal Processing

Background:

  • Traditional beam scanning approaches often face challenges with increased side lobe levels (SLL) and complex feeding networks.
  • Element Position Perturbations (EPPs) offer an alternative for beam steering but can lead to significant SLL increases.
  • Optimizing antenna array patterns requires balancing scanning range, beamwidth, and SLL.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To introduce and evaluate two novel sector beam scanning approaches (BSAs) utilizing element position perturbations (EPPs).
  • To develop a hybrid SLL reduction and EPP-BSA technique to mitigate drawbacks of conventional EPP-BSA.
  • To propose a planar antenna array thinning approach compatible with the developed BSAs.

Main Methods:

  • Developed two BSAs based on element position perturbations (EPPs) in the azimuth plane, keeping element excitations constant.
  • Implemented a Single Convolution/Genetic Algorithm (SC/GA) for initial SLL reduction, followed by EPP-BSA.
  • Utilized Computer Simulation Technology (CST) Microwave Studio for modeling, simulation, and validation of antenna array designs.

Main Results:

  • The proposed SLL/EPP-BSA method achieves a reduced scanning range with a relatively constant Half Power Beamwidth (HPBW) and significantly lower SLL compared to standard EPP-BSA.
  • Constant synthesized excitation coefficients and the absence of progressive phase shifters simplify manufacturing and reduce feeding network costs.
  • Simulations demonstrate realizable and realistic antenna array designs through the proposed thinning approach and CST modeling.

Conclusions:

  • The SLL/EPP-BSA technique effectively mitigates the high SLL issue associated with EPP-BSA, offering improved antenna performance.
  • The proposed methods facilitate cost-effective and simplified manufacturing processes for advanced antenna arrays.
  • The study validates the efficacy of EPP-based BSAs combined with SLL reduction techniques for practical antenna applications.