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A revised method for detecting Legionella in drinking water plumbing systems (DWPS) in Germany leads to significantly more reported exceedances. Current action levels require revision to accurately reflect health risks associated with Legionella contamination.

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Area of Science:

  • Environmental microbiology
  • Public health
  • Water quality analysis

Background:

  • Legionella concentrations in drinking water plumbing systems (DWPS) are regulated internationally, with varying action levels.
  • Germany's Federal Environment Agency (UBA) revised its recommended methods for Legionella detection (ISO 11731) in March 2019, altering culture media.
  • This change impacts the detection spectrum of Legionella colonies in drinking water.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To assess the impact of the revised UBA recommendation on the evaluation of Legionella contamination in DWPS.
  • To compare Legionella detection rates and action level exceedances before and after the method change.
  • To determine if current action levels accurately reflect health risks under the new methodology.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of 17,270 individual drinking water samples from routine monitoring over 6 years.
  • Comparison of Legionella detection results and action level exceedances using pre- and post-March 2019 methods.
  • Statistical assessment of the significance of changes in reported exceedances.

Main Results:

  • The revised UBA method resulted in a significantly higher frequency of reported action level exceedances.
  • The alteration in culture media broadened the detection spectrum, leading to more positive results.
  • A substantial increase in reported exceedances was observed under the new detection protocol.

Conclusions:

  • The revised Legionella detection method leads to more frequent action level exceedances in German DWPS.
  • Current action levels are likely inadequate for the new detection method, potentially overestimating health risks.
  • A revision of the action levels is necessary to prevent a misleading impression of increased health risks from Legionella in drinking water.