Regulation mechanisms underlying tail resorption in Bufo gargarizans metamorphosis

Anurans have been excellent organisms for studying amphibian metamorphosis. Tail resorption is a remarkable event that occurs during amphibian metamorphosis. Although tail resorption has been previously studied in other anurans like Xenopus laevis and Rana chensinensis, there is no report on Bufo gargarizans. This paper thus explored the mechanism of tail resorption during metamorphosis in Bufo gargarizans tadpoles through some biological research methods. Histological results showed that the tail tissues of tadpoles gradually degraded as metamorphosis progressed. RNA sequencing analysis was performed to examine the expression level and functional enrichment of differentially expressed genes in the tail. In addition, we analyzed the mRNA expression levels of genes related to tail resorption by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction. We also speculated on three pathways that participate in the regulation of tail resorption based on the above results. The present study might provide a theoretical basis and novel insights for further research of complex molecular mechanisms of tail resorption in amphibians.