Evaluation of p300 and spectral resolution in children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder and specific
Meryem Seçen Yazıcı1, Nihal Serdengeçti1, Merve Dikmen2
1Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Cerrahpasa Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul University-Cerrahpasa, Istanbul, Turkey.
Insights
Children with Attention Deficit and Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) and Specific Learning Disorder (SLD) show impaired auditory processing and lower P300 brainwave amplitudes. The combined ADHD+SLD group exhibited the most significant deficits, indicating more severe attention and cognitive challenges.
Area of Science:
- Neuroscience
- Developmental Psychology
- Clinical Psychology
Background:
- Attention Deficit and Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) and Specific Learning Disorder (SLD) are common neurodevelopmental conditions.
- Comorbidity of ADHD and SLD can lead to complex challenges in children.
- Auditory processing and event-related potentials like P300 are crucial for cognitive function.
Purpose of the Study:
- To investigate auditory processing, P300 event-related potentials, and functional impairment in children with ADHD, SLD, ADHD+SLD, and healthy controls.
- To compare auditory performance and neurophysiological markers across these groups.
- To understand the impact of comorbidity on cognitive and auditory functions.
Main Methods:
- Participants included children aged 7-12 with ADHD, SLD, ADHD+SLD, and typically developing controls.
- Evaluations included standardized scales for diagnosis, functional impairment, and auditory performance (CHAPS).
- Auditory P300 event-related potentials and the Spectral-Temporally Modulated Ripple Test (SMRT) were utilized.
Main Results:
- Children with ADHD, SLD, and ADHD+SLD demonstrated poorer auditory performance compared to controls, as per CHAPS.
- No significant differences were found between groups using the SMRT.
- P300 parietal amplitudes were significantly lower in all patient groups (ADHD, SLD, ADHD+SLD) compared to controls, with the lowest amplitudes in the ADHD+SLD group.
Conclusions:
- Auditory performance and P300 amplitudes are reduced in children with ADHD and/or SLD.
- The combined ADHD+SLD diagnosis is associated with the most pronounced deficits in auditory processing and cognitive function.
- These findings highlight the heightened severity of attention and cognitive difficulties in comorbid ADHD+SLD cases.
Abstract:
This study aims to examine auditory processing, P300 values and functional impairment levels among children with Attention Deficit and Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD), Specific Learning Disorder (SLD), ADHD+SLD and healthy controls. Children with ADHD (n = 17), SLD (n = 15), ADHD+SLD (n = 15), and healthy controls (n = 15) between the ages of 7-12 were evaluated with K-SADS, Weiss Functional Impairment Rating Scale, Turgay DSM-IV Disruptive Behavior Disorders Rating Scale, The Mathematics, Reading, Writing Assessment Scale and Children's Auditory Performance Scale (CHAPS). Auditory P300 event-related potentials and Spectral-Temporally Modulated Ripple Test (SMRT) were applied. Three patient groups were found to be riskier than healthy controls according to the CHAPS. There was no significant difference between the groups in the SMRT. In post-hoc analyses of P300 parietal amplitudes, ADHD, SLD, and ADHD+SLD were found to be significantly lower than the control group. The amplitudes of the ADHD+SLD were by far the lowest. It has been shown that auditory performance skills and p300 amplitudes are lower in children diagnosed with only ADHD or SLD compared to the control group, with the lowest values observed in ADHD+SLD. This study suggests that the difficulties with attention and cognitive functions in the ADHD+SLD are more severe than ADHD and/or SLD without comorbidity.
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