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Radiographers' attitudes toward the use of lead contact shielding
Maebh Ahern1, Mark F McEntee1, Niamh Moore1
1Medical Imaging and Radiation Therapy, School of Medicine, University College Cork, T12 AK54, Ireland.
Introduction:
Lead contact shielding has been a crucial component of patient radiation protection since it was first introduced in the early 1900s. Concerns surrounding the hereditary effects of ionising radiation were a driver for using lead shielding. Recently the American Association of Physics in Medicine (AAPM) and the British Institute of Radiology (BIR) have published position papers that suggest that lead contact shielding is no longer needed due to reduced radiation doses for x-ray examinations. This work examines radiographers' opinions on these position papers.
Methods:
An online survey with quantitative and qualitative elements was designed to explore knowledge and attitudes toward the BIR and AAPM position papers. The population for this survey was all qualified radiographers.
Results:
The majority (59%) of participants are aware of the AAPM guidance, and 76% are aware of the BIR guidance. Given the changes in the gonad tissue weighting factor, 66% believed additional emphasis should be placed on protecting organs and tissues with higher tissue weighting factors. The vast majority (87%) believed lead shielding is not the primary dose reduction strategy, with 82% agreeing that lead shielding may interfere with the AEC.
Conclusion:
This study identifies a perception that lead protection may still play a role in patient protection, particularly for children and pregnant patients. However, it is not considered the primary mechanism of protection. More specific guidance and information are needed to incorporate the guidance for radiographers into working practice, improving patient care.
Implications For Practice:
Lead shielding remains a tool for radiation protection in particular examinations, however, its role has diminished in clinical practice.
Recommendations:
Additional research is required into the number of repeat x-rays associated with the use of lead shielding and the actual dose saving for shielding outside the field of view. Additional education and specific clarification on when to use and not use lead contact shielding is required.
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