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Hazard evaluation of monochloroacetone.

E V Sargent, G D Kirk, M Hite

    American Industrial Hygiene Association Journal
    |July 1, 1986
    PubMed
    Summary

    Monochloroacetone, a chemical intermediate, was evaluated for toxicity. Acute toxicity studies and an Ames test indicate it is a lacrimator and vesicant, requiring strict exposure controls.

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    Area of Science:

    • Industrial Toxicology
    • Chemical Safety
    • Occupational Health

    Background:

    • Monochloroacetone (MCA) was developed as a war gas in 1914.
    • MCA is currently utilized as a chemical intermediate.
    • Limited toxicological data exists for MCA, despite its known biological effects as a lacrimator and vesicant.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To conduct a toxicological evaluation of monochloroacetone.
    • To assess acute toxicity via various administration routes.
    • To determine mutagenicity potential using the Ames test.

    Main Methods:

    • Acute toxicity studies utilizing multiple routes of administration.
    • Ames mutagenicity test for genotoxicity assessment.
    • Comparison of new data with existing literature and manufacturing use information.

    Main Results:

    • Acute toxicity was observed across different administration routes.
    • The Ames test indicated potential mutagenic concerns.
    • Data suggests MCA poses risks as a lacrimator and vesicant.

    Conclusions:

    • Monochloroacetone exhibits significant acute toxicity and mutagenic potential.
    • Strict engineering controls are necessary to prevent direct contact with MCA liquid and vapor.
    • Occupational exposure limits should be established, with air concentrations maintained below 1 ppm (ceiling).

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