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COVID-19 and Kidney Disease (KD): A Retrospective Investigation in a Rural Southwestern Missouri Region Patient

Kailey J Kowalski1, Shilpa Bhat1, Mariah Fedje1

  • 1College of Medicine, Kansas City University, Joplin, USA.

Cureus
|July 31, 2023
PubMed

Insights

Patients with kidney disease (KD) and COVID-19 have a significantly higher mortality risk compared to those with KD alone. Acute kidney injury (AKI) patients faced the highest mortality rates. Further research is needed on comorbidities impacting KD patient outcomes during COVID-19.

Area of Science:

  • Nephrology
  • Infectious Diseases
  • Public Health

Background:

  • Pre-existing kidney disease (KD) is linked to increased mortality from COVID-19.
  • The rural Midwest, with a high prevalence of KD, experienced significant COVID-19 impact, particularly among Medicare/Medicaid patients.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To determine if COVID-19 increases mortality in patients with varying stages of kidney disease (KD).
  • To compare mortality rates between patients with KD and COVID-19 versus patients with KD alone.

Main Methods:

  • Retrospective cohort study of patients with acute kidney injury (AKI), chronic kidney disease (CKD), and end-stage renal disease (ESRD).
  • Data collected from April 2020 to January 2021 using International Classification of Diseases 10th Revision codes from Electronic Medical Records.
  • Analysis compared mortality rates in patients with KD and COVID-19 versus KD alone, controlling for sex and age.

Main Results:

  • Mortality rate for patients with COVID-19 and any KD (AKI, CKD) was 30.21%-37.63%, significantly higher than COVID-19 alone (6.70%-9.96%) or KD alone (10.89%-13.01%).
  • Patients with AKI and COVID-19 exhibited the highest mortality rates (38.13%-49.02%).
  • No sufficient statistical evidence was found to confirm increased COVID-19 mortality in ESRD patients.

Conclusions:

  • Patients with KD and COVID-19 face a substantially elevated risk of mortality compared to those with KD alone.
  • Further investigation is recommended to understand the impact of individual comorbidities on KD patient outcomes during COVID-19.
Abstract

Keywords:
acute kidney injury (aki)chronic kidney failure (ckd)coronavirus disease 2019 (covid-19)end stage renal disease (esrd)kidney disease (kd)midwest

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