Motor variability modulates calibration of precisely timed movements

Interacting with the environment often requires precisely timed movements, challenging the brain to minimize the detrimental impact of neural noise. Recent research demonstrates that the brain exploits the variability of its temporal estimates and recalibrates perception accordingly. Time-critical movements, however, contain a sensory measurement and a motor stage. The brain must have knowledge of both in order to avoid maladapted behavior. By manipulating sensory and motor variability, we show that the sensorimotor system recalibrates sensory and motor uncertainty separately. Serial dependencies between observed interval durations in the previous and motor reproductions in the current trial were weighted by the variability of movements. These serial dependencies generalized across different effectors, but not to a visual discrimination task. Our results suggest that the brain has accurate knowledge about contributions of motor uncertainty to errors in temporal movements. This knowledge about motor uncertainty seems to be processed separately from knowledge about sensory uncertainty.